Libros y textos.

   ▪    Bast TH, Anson BJ. The temporal bone and the ear. Springfield (USA III). Ch Thomas, 1949.

   ▪    Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, Van Huijzen C. The Human Nervous System. A Synopsis and Atlas (3ª ed.). Berlin, Springer. 1988.

   ▪    Romanes GJ. Cunningham Tratado de Anatomía (12ª ed.). Madrid, Interamericana / McGraw-Hill. 1991.

   ▪    Hollishead WH. Anatomia. 4 ed. Rio de Janiero, Interlivros;1991.

   ▪   Figún ME, Garino RR. Anatomía odontológica funcional e aplicada. São Paulo, Panamericana;1994.

   ▪   Carpenter MB. (1994) Neuroanatomía Fundamentos (4ª ed). Buenos Aires, Panamericana / Williams & Wilkins. 1994.

   ▪    Goslinng J, Harris P, Humpherson J., et. Al. Atlas de Disección;1994.

   ▪   Netter F, Dalley A. Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Ciba Medical Education Publication. Cd-Rom;1995.

   ▪   Ferreira L, Lepagni E, Pro E, Forlizzi V. Atlas Fotográfico de Anatomía Humana. CD-Rom. 1996.

   ▪   Testut L, Latarjet A. Anatomía Humana. Tomos 1 - 2. Edición. Editorial Salvat; 1977.

   ▪   Leblanc A. The Cranial Nerves, Anatomy, imaging, Vascularization. Heidelberg, Springer Verlag; 1995.

   ▪   Cardozo Alba, Nomenclatura Anatómica. Editorial Disinlimed; 1998.

   ▪  Rouviere H. Anatomía Humana, Descriptiva, Topográfica y Funcional. Tomos I.10 Edición. Reimpresión 1999. Editorial Masson.

   ▪    Moore K. Anatomía con orientación clínica. Editorial Médica. Panamericana;2001.

   ▪    Rodiguez Santiago, Smith-Agreda JM. Anatomía de los órganos del lenguaje, visión y audición. 2ª ed. Editorial Panamericana; 2003.

   ▪    Latarjet M., Ruiz Liard A. Anatomía Humana. Vol. 1 - 2. 2004. 30 Edición. Editorial Médica Panamericana.

   Enlaces a bases de datos.-    CISMeF. <(F)-    PubMed. <(Ing)

   Capítulo 1. Laberinto óseo anterior: caracol.

   ▪    Wlodyka J. Studies on cochlear aqueduct patency. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1978;87(1 Pt 1):22-8.

   ▪    Prades JM, Dumollard JM, Calloc'h F, Merzougui N, Veyret C, Martin C. Descriptive anatomy of the human auditory tube. Surg Radiol Anat. 1998;20(5):335-40.

   ▪    Meznaric-Petrusa M, Cvetko E. Sectional anatomy of auditory tube. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2004;4(2):10-6.

   ▪    de Boer E, Nuttall AL, Shera CA. Wave propagation patterns in a "classical" three-dimensional model of the cochlea. J Acoust Soc Am. 2007;121(1):352-62.

  Capítulo 2. Laberinto membranoso anterior: caracol.

   ▪   Mazzoni A. The vascular anatomy of the vestibular labyrinth in man. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1990;472:1-83.

   ▪   Swartz JD, Daniels DL, Harnsberger HR, Shaffer KA, Mark L. The temporal bone. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16(10):2081-4.

   ▪   Naidich TP, Mann SS, Som PM. Imaging of the osseous, membranous, and perilymphatic labyrinths. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2000;10(1):23-34.

   Capítulo 3. Laberinto membranoso anterior: histología.

▪    Gulley RL, Reese TS. Intercellular junctions in the reticular lamina of the organ of Corti. J Neurocytol 1976; 5: 479-507.

   ▪    Gulley RL, Reese TS. Freeze-fracture studies on the synapses in the organ of Corti. J Comp Neurol. 1977; 15;171(4):517-43.

   ▪   Altschuler RA, Parakkal MH, Rubio JA, Hoffman DW, Fex J. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the guinea pig organ of Corti: ultrastructural and lesion studies. Hear Res 1984:16: 17-31.

   ▪    Berglund AM, Ryugo DK. Hair cell innervation by spiral ganglion neurones in the mouse. J Comp Neuro 1987; 255: 560-571.

   ▪    Carlisle L, Zajic G, Altschuler RA, Schacht J, Thorne PR. Species differences in the distribution of infracuticular F-actin in outer hair cells of the cochlear. Hear Res 1988;33:201-206.

▪    Gulley R.L, Reese TS. Intercellular junctions in the reticular lamina of the organ of Corti. J Neurocytol 1996;5:479-507.

   Capítulo 4. Anatomía de la pirámide petrosa: peñasco.

   ▪    Currarino G, Weinberg A. Os supra petrosum of Meckel.Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1974;121(1):139-42.

   ▪    Ziolkowski M, Kurlej W. Subarcuate fossa.Folia Morphol (Warsz). 1983;42(3):175-86.

   ▪    Proctor B. The petromastoid canal. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1983;92:640-4.

   ▪    Doden E, Halves R. On the functional morphology of the human petrous bone.Am J Anat. 1984;169(4):451-62.

   ▪    Kartush JM, Kemink JL, Graham MD.The arcuate eminence. Topographic orientation in middle cranial fossa surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1985;94:25-8.

   ▪    Chate RA. Cephalometric landmark identification within the petrous temporal region. Br J Orthod. 1987;14(1):33-41. ▪    Swartz JD. The petrous bone.Curr Opin Radiol. 1990;2(1):83-92.

   ▪    Day JD, Kellogg JX, Fukushima T, Giannotta SL. Microsurgical anatomy of the inner surface of the petrous bone: neuroradiological and morphometric analysis as an adjunct to the retrosigmoid transmeatal approach.Neurosurgery. 1994;34(6):1003-8.

   ▪    Tsunoda A, Kimura Y, Sumi T, Komatsuzaki A, Sato T. The arcuate eminence is not a protrusion of the superior semi-circular canal but a trace of sulcus on the temporal lobe. J Laryngol Otol. 2000;114(5):339-44.

   ▪    Wahl J, Graw M. Metric sex differentiation of the pars petrosa ossis temporalis. Int J Legal Med. 2001;114(4-5):215-23.

   ▪    Davidson HC. Imaging of the temporal bone. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2002;10(4):573-613.

   ▪    Yetiser S, Kertmen M, Taser M. Abnormal petrous apex aeration. Review of 12 cases. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2002;56(1):65-71.

   ▪    Sennaroglu L, Slattery WH. Petrous anatomy for middle fossa approach. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(2):332-42.

   ▪    Miller RS, Pensak ML. The superior petrosal triangle as a constant anatomical landmark for subtemporal middle fossa orientation. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(8):1327-31.

   ▪    Panigrahi M, Venkateswaraprasanna G. Transpetrosal approach. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(2):336-7.  

   Capítulo 5. Anatomía de la punta del peñasco.

   ▪    Jordan VM. Anatomy of the internal auditory canal. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 1973;20:288-95.

   ▪    Potter GD, Graham MD. The carotid canal. Radiol Clin North Am. 1974;12(3):483-9.

   ▪    Dilenge D. The jugular "notch".J Can Assoc Radiol. 1977;28(4):274-7.

   ▪    Muren C. The internal acoustic meatus. Anatomic variations and relations to other temporal bone structures. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1986;27(5):505-12.

   ▪    Roland PS, Meyerhoff WL, Judge LO, Mickey BE. Asymmetric pneumatization of the petrous apex. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;103(1):80-8.

   ▪    Larson TL. Petrous apex and cavernous sinus: anatomy and pathology. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1993;14(3):232-46.

   ▪    Rubinstein D, Stears RL, Stears JC. Trigeminal nerve and ganglion in the Meckel cave: appearance at CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 1994;193(1):155-9.

   ▪    Curtin HD, Som PM. The petrous apex. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1995 ;28(3):473-96.

   ▪    Rubinstein D, Burton BS, Walker AL. The anatomy of the inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and accessory nerve in the jugular foramen. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16(1):185-94.

   ▪    Gailloud P, Fasel JH, Muster M, Piotin M, Rufenacht DA. Microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen. J Neurosurg. 1996;85(6):1193-5.

   ▪    de Jesus O. Petrous apex region. Surgical anatomy, lesions, and operative techniques. P R Health Sci J. 1996;15(2):107-12.

   ▪    Telischi FF, Luntz M, Whiteman ML. Supracochlear approach to the petrous apex: case report and anatomic study. Am J Otol. 1999;20(4):500-4.   

   Capítulo 6. Anatomía del seno lateral.

   ▪    Graham MD. The jugular bulb: its anatomic and clinical considerations in contemporary otology.Laryngoscope. 1977;87(1):105-25.

   ▪    Bisaria KK. Anatomic variations of venous sinuses in the region of the torcular Herophili. J Neurosurg. 1985;62(1):90-5.

   ▪    Matsushima T, Suzuki SO, Fukui M, Rhoton AL Jr, de Oliveira E, Ono M. Microsurgical anatomy of the tentorial sinuses. J Neurosurg. 1989;71(6):923-8.

   ▪    Rarey KE. Morphology of the temporal bone. Ear Nose Throat J. 1985;64(6):282-91.

   ▪    Umansky F, Elidan J, Valarezo A. Dorello's canal: a microanatomical study. J Neurosurg. 1991;75(2):294-8.

   ▪    Muthukumar N, Palaniappan P. Tentorial venous sinuses: an anatomic study. Neurosurgery. 1998;42(2):363-71.

   ▪    Andeweg J. Consequences of the anatomy of deep venous outflow from the brain. Neuroradiology. 1999;41(4):233-41.

   ▪    Kawano H, Tono T, Schachern PA, Paparella MM, Komune S. Petrous high jugular bulb: a histological study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2000;21(3):161-8.

   ▪    Rhoton AL Jr. Jugular foramen. Neurosurgery. 2000;47(3 Suppl):S267-85.

   ▪    Iaconetta G, Fusco M, Samii M. The sphenopetroclival venous gulf: a microanatomical study. J Neurosurg. 2003;99(2):366-75.

   ▪    Avci E, Kocaogullar Y, Fossett D, Caputy A. Lateral posterior fossa venous sinus relationships to surface landmarks. Surg Neurol. 2003;59(5):392-7.

   ▪    Uddin MA, Haq TU, Rafique MZ. Cerebral venous system anatomy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2006;56(11):516-9.   

   Capítulo 7. Anatomía del conducto auditivo interno.

   ▪    Valvassori GE., Pierce RH. The normal internal auditory canal. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1964;92:1232-41.

   ▪    Amjad AH, Scheer AA, Rosenthal J. Human internal auditory canal. Arch Otolaryngol. 1969;89(5):709-14.

   ▪    Papangelou L. Study of the human internal auditory canal. Laryngoscope. 1972;82(4):617-24.

   ▪    Lin SR, Lee KF, Stein GN, Lee I. Asymmetrical internal auditory canals. A normal variant. Arch Otolaryngol. 1973;98(3):164-9.

   ▪    Jordan VM. Anatomy of the internal auditory canal. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 1973;20:288-95.

   ▪    Papangelou L. Study of the human internal auditory canal in relation to age and sex. J Laryngol Otol. 1975;89(1):79-89.

   ▪    Pait TG, Harris FS, Paullus WS, Rhoton AL Jr. Microsurgical anatomy and dissection of the temporal bone.Surg Neurol. 1977;8(5):363-91.

   ▪    Olivares FP, Schuknecht HF. Width of the internal auditory canal. A histological study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1979;88:316-23.

   ▪    Laine T, Johnsson LG, Palva T. Surgical anatomy of the internal auditory canal. A temporal bone dissection study. Acta Otolaryngol. 1990;110(1-2):78-84.

   ▪    Reisser C, Schuknecht HF. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the internal auditory canal. Laryngoscope. 1991;101:761-6.

   ▪    Wigand ME, Aurbach G, Haid CT, Berg M, Goertzen W. Topographical anatomy of the internal auditory canal. Implications for functional surgery in the cerebello-pontine angle. Acta Otolaryngol. 1991;111(2):269-72.

   ▪    Tomoda K, Suzuka Y, Kubo N, Sato K, Yamashita T, Kumazawa T. Surgical anatomy for infralabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1993;500:35-8.

   ▪    Rubinstein D, Sandberg EJ, Cajade-Law AG. Anatomy of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves in the internal auditory canal. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17(6):1099-105.

   ▪    Aslan A, Falcioni M, Russo A, De Donato G, Balyan FR, Taibah A, Sanna M. Anatomical considerations of high jugular bulb in lateral skull base surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 1997;111(4):333-6.

   ▪    Kim HS, Kim DI, Chung IH, Lee WS, Kim KY. Topographical relationship of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves in the subarachnoid space and internal auditory canal. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19(6):1155-61.

   ▪    Valvassori G, Palacios E. Internal auditory canal.Ear Nose Throat J. 1998;77(3):173-6, 178.

   ▪    Terasaka S, Sawamura Y, Fukushima T. Topography of the vestibulocochlear nerve.Neurosurgery. 2000;47(1):162-8.

   ▪    Nageris B, Braverman I, Kalmanowitz M, Segal K, Frenkiel S. Connections of the facial and vestibular nerves: an anatomic study. J Otolaryngol. 2000;29(3):159-61.

   ▪    Tsunoda A, Kimura Y, Sumi T, Komatsuzaki A, Sato T. The arcuate eminence is not a protrusion of the superior semi-circular canal but a trace of sulcus on the temporal lobe. J Laryngol Otol. 2000;114(5):339-44.

   ▪    Sennaroglu L, Slattery WH 3rd. Petrous anatomy for middle fossa approach. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(2):332-42.

   ▪    Ozdogmus O, Sezen O, Kubilay U, Saka E, Duman U, San T, Cavdar S. Connections between the facial, vestibular and cochlear nerve bundles within the internal auditory canal. J Anat. 2004;205(1):65-75.

   ▪    Bonaldi LV, do Lago A, Crema LC, Fukuda Y, Smith RL. Internal auditory canal: pre- and postnatal growth. J Otolaryngol. 2004;33(4):243-7.

   ▪    Todd NW. Helpful and unhelpful parts of the superior petrosal triangle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134(6):966-9.

   ▪    Grunwald IQ, Papanagiotou P, Nabhan A, Politi M, Reith W. Anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle. Radiologe. 2006;46(3):192-6.   

   Capítulo 8. Anatomía de la vía auditiva.

   ▪    Engström H. Structure and innervation of the inner ear sensory epithelia. Int Rev Cytol. 1958;7: 535-585.

   ▪    Engström H. The ultrastructure of the sensory cells of the cochlea.J Laryngol Otol. 1967 Jul;81(7):687-715.

   ▪    Crawford AC, Fettiplace R. Non-linearities in the responses of turtle hair cells. J Physiol. (Lond) 1981; 315: 317-338.

   ▪  Gil-Loyzaga P. Estudios de Lorente de No sobre los núcleos cocleares. Madrid Médico Supl. 1991;2:17-20

   ▪    Schefter RP, Harner SG. Histologic study of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1986;95(2 Pt 1):146-50.

   ▪    Dallos P, Evans BN, Hallworth R.  Nature of the motor element in electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature 1991;350:155-157.

   ▪    Dannhof BJ, Bruns V. The innervation of the organ of Corti in the rat. Hear Res. 1993;66: 8-22.

▪    Dallos P. Overview: Cochlear neurobiology. En: The Cochlea. P. Dallos, A..N. Popper and R.R. Fay (Eds). Springer. 1996; 1- 43.

▪    Cohen YE, Russ BE, Gifford GW. Auditory processing in the posterior parietal cortex. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2005;4(3):218-31.

▪    McMullen NT, Velenovsky DS, Holmes MG. Auditory thalamic organization: cellular slabs, dendritic arbors and tectothalamic axons underlying the frequency map. Neuroscience. 2005;136(3):927-43.

▪    Schofield BR, Coomes DL. Projections from auditory cortex contact cells in the cochlear nucleus that project to the inferior colliculus. Hear Res. 2005;206(1-2):3-11.

▪    Winer JA, Miller LM, Lee CC, Schreiner CE. Auditory thalamocortical transformation: structure and function. Trends Neurosci. 2005;28(5):255-63.

▪    Benson TE, Brown MC. Ultrastructure of synaptic input to medial olivocochlear neurons.J Comp Neurol. 2006;10;499(2):244-57.

▪    Rollenhagen A, Lubke JH. The morphology of excitatory central synapses: from structure to function. Cell Tissue Res. 2006;326(2):221-37.

▪    Spena G, Gatignol P, Capelle L, Duffau H. Superior longitudinal fasciculus subserves vestibular network in humans. Neuroreport. 2006;18;17(13):1403-6.

▪    Nayagam DA, Clarey JC, Paolini AG. Intracellular responses and morphology of rat ventral complex of the lateral lemniscus neurons in vivo. J Comp Neurol. 2006;498(2):295-315.

▪    Hoshino O. Spatiotemporal conversion of auditory information for cochleotopic mapping. Neural Comput. 2007;19(2):351-70.

▪    Bajo VM, Nodal FR, Bizley JK, Moore DR, King AJ. The ferret auditory cortex: descending projections to the inferior colliculus. Cereb Cortex. 2007;17(2):475-91.