Capítulo 1.   Conceptos generales de embriología humana.
  • Adamson ED, Gardner RL. Control of early development. British Medical Bulletin 1979;35:113.
  • Aldo R, Valentich MA, Rvasio AR. Histología y Embriología del Ser Humano, Bases Celulares y Moleculares. Ed Triunfar. Argentina, 2000.
  • Balakier H, MacLusky NJ., Casper RF. Characterization of the first cell cycle in human zygotes: implications for cryopreservation. Fertility and Sterility 1993;59:359-365.
  • Barniville HL. The morphology and histology of a human embryo of 8.5mm. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 1915;9:1-71.
  • Balakier H, MacLusky NJ., Casper RF. Characterization of the first cell cycle in human zygotes: implications for cryopreservation. Fertility and Sterility 1993;59:359-365. [Pub-Med]
  • Carneggy Institution of Washington nº 199.Thyng FW. The anatomy of a 17.8mm human embryo. American Journal of Anatomy 1914;14:31-113.
  • Cooper MH, O'Rahilly R. The human heart at seven postovulatory weeks. Acta Anat. 1971;79:280-299.
  • David G, Haegel P. Embriología. Cuaderno primero. Ed Toray-Masson S.A. 1970.
  • Gasser RF. Atlas of human embryos. Harper & Row, publishers Inc. Hagerstown, Maryland, 1975.
  • Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 4th ed. Sinauer Associates Inc. Massachussets, 1994.
  • Goyanes VJ, Ron-Corzo A, Costas E, Maneiro E. Morphometric categorization of human oocyte and early conceptus. Human Reproduction 1990;5:613-618.
  • Hardy K, Handyside AH, Winston RML. The human blastocyst: cell number, death and allocation during late pre-implantation development in vitro. Development 1989;107:597-604.
  • Hertig AT. Rock J. and Adams EC. A description of 34 human ova within the first 17 days of development. Amer. J Anat. 1956, 98:435-493.
  • Langman J. Embriologie médicale, traduit de “Medical Embryology”. Human Development normal and abnormal. Masson et Cie Edit 1965.
  • Langman TW. Embriología médica, Sader 7° Edición, 4°. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 1997.
  • Larsen WJ. Human embryology. Churchill Livingstone Inc., Edinburgh, 1993.
  • O'Rahilly R. The early development of the hypphysis cerebri in staged human embryos. Anatomical Record 1973;175:511.
  • O'Rahilly R, Müller F. Developmental stages in human embryos. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 637. 1987.
  • Patten BM. Human embryology. Secon edition. Mc Graw-Hill. Book Compant Inc. 1953.
  • Sadler TW. Head and Neck. In: Langman's Medical Embryology (6th ed.)Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1990;297-327.
  • Sadler. Langman Embriología médica: con orientación clínica- 10ª Ed. Buenos Aires: Médica Panamericana. 2008.
  • Sebastian J. Genética y epigenética del desarrollo biológico. Arbor 1982;444:7.
  • Shettles LB. Ovum Humanum. Hafner. New York, 1960.
  • Streeter GL. Developmental horizons in human embryos. Descripcion of age groupe XIV. Contrih to Embryology 1945;31:27-63.
 
   Capítulo 2. Embriología de la región cefálica.
  • Duque J. Crestas neurales, placodas y arcos branquiales: una revisión evolutiva y embriológica de datos básicos y recientes. Rev Acad Colomb. 2003; 27(103): 291-307.
  • Ezin A, Fraser S, Bronner-Fraser M. Fate map and morphogenesis of presumptive neural crest and dorsal neural tube. Dev Biol. 2009;330(2): 221-36.
  • Kelberman D, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R, Robinson IC, Dattani MT. Genetic regulation of pituitary gland development in human and mouse. Endocr Rev 2009;30:790-829.
  • Kuan K, Tannahillb D, Cooka G, Keynesa R. Somite polarity and segmental patterning of the peripheral nervous system. Mech Dev. 2004; 121(9): 1055-68.
  • Larsen WJ. Human Embryology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2001.
  • Le Douarin N, Brito J, Creuzet S. Role of the neural crest in face and brain development. Brain Res Rev. 2007;55:237-47.
  • Osório L, Teillet M, Palmeirim I, Catala M. Neural crest ontogeny during secondary neurulation: a gene expression pattern study in the chick embryo. Int J Dev Biol. 2009;53:641-8.
  • Stiles J, Jernigan J. The basics of brain development. Neuropsychol Rev. 2010; 20:327-48.
  • Wedden SE, Ralphs JR, Tickle C. Pattern formation in the facial primordia. Development. 1988;103 Suppl:31-40.
  
      Capítulo 3.   Embriología del oído externo y medio.  
  • Anson BJ, Bast TH. Develop,ment of the human ear. Quart Bull North Univ Ned School 1959;33:44-59.
  • Bastian D, Tranba-Huy P. Organogénesis del oído medio. En:Encyclopedie Medico-Chirurgicale de Otorrinolaringología. E-0005-A-30.
  • Bast TH, Anson BJ. The temporal bone and the ear. Springfield (USA III), Ch Thomas, 1949.
  • Bouche J, Pinel J. Embriologie et anatomie de la paroi labyrintique de l´oreille moyenne. Problèmes actuels de´ORL. Paris, Maloine 1961.
  • Contencin PH et al. Particularités anatomiques de la mastoide de l¨enfant. Ann Oto-laring (París) 1989;106:259-62.
  • Fuchs JC, Tucker AS. Development and Integration of the Ear. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2015;115:213-32. [PubMed]
  • Hanson JR., Anson BJ., Stickland EM. Branchial sources of the auditory ossicles in man. Archives in Otolaryngology 1962;76:200-215.
  • Karmody CS, Annino DJ Jr. Embryology and anomalies of the external ear. Facial Plast Surg. 1995;11(4):251-6. [Pub-Med]
  • Proctor B. The development of the middle ear spaces and their surgical significances. J Laring1964;78:635-648.
  • Palomar VM. Formación de la cavidad timpánica. Estudio de sus primeros estadios. Acta Otorrinolaring Esp 1980;31:511-516.
  • O'Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human eye and ear during the embryonic period proper. Anatomy and Embryology 1983;68:87-99.
  • Toth M, Alpar A, Patonay L, Olah I. Development and surgical anatomy of the round window niche. Ann Anat. 2006;188(2):93-101. [Pub-Med]
  • Wright CG. Development of the human external ear. J Am Acad Audiol. 1997;8(6):379-82. [Pub-Med]
 
   Capítulo 4.   Embriología del oído interno.
  • Aubry M, Pialoux P. Maladies de l´oreille interne et oto.neurlogie. Paris, Masón et Cia, 1957.
  • Christophorou NA, Mende M, Lleras-Forero L, Grocott T, Streit A. Pax2 coordinates epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate in the inner ear. Dev Biol. 2010;15;345(2):180-90. [PubMed]
  • Chang W, Brigande JV, Fekete DM, Wu DK. The development of semicircular canals in the inner ear: role of FGFs in sensory cristae. Development. 2004;131(17):4201-11. [PubMed]
  • Gil-Loyzaga P, Merchán-Pérez A, Martínez C; Pérez-Cao AM, Merchán J. Morphometrical study of the development of the cochlear duct. Acta Microscópica 1987;10/1-2:67-73.
  • Gil-Loyzaga P, Pujol R. Synaptophysin in the developing cochlea. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 1988;6:155-160.
  • Sánchez Del Rey A, Sánchez Fernández JM, Martínez Ibarguen A, Santaolalla Montoya F. Morphologic and morphometric study of human spiral ganglion development. Acta Otolaryngol. 1995;115(2):211-7.
  • Sanchez del Rey A, Sanchez Fernandez JM. Development of the human fetal cochlear nerve: a morphometric study. Hear Res. 2006;212(1-2):251. [Pub-Med]
  • Yasuda M, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Shiota K, Yasuda Y. Three-dimensional analysis of inner ear development in human embryos. Anat Sci Int. 2007;82(3):156-63.
 
   Capítulo 5. Embriología del laberinto posterior.
  • Anson BJ, Davies J, Duckert LG. Embryology of the ear. Developmental anatomy of the ear. En Paparella, Shumrick D, Gluckman J, Meyerhoff W. (eds.) Otolaryngology, vol. I. Basic sciences and related principles. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1991;3-21.
  • Bagger-Sjöbäck D. Embryology of the human endolymphatic sac. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 1990;45:46-8.
  • Begger-Sjoback D. Embryology of the human endolymphatic sac. ORL J Otofhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1991;53:61-67.
  • Bouche J, Pinel J. Embriologie et anatomie de la paroi labyrintique de l´oreille moyenne. Problèmes actuels de´ORL. Paris, Maloine 1961.
  • Buckiova D, Syka J. Development of the inner ear in Splotch mutant mice. Neuroreport. 2004;15(13):2001-5. [Pub-Med]
  • Eyries C, Perles B, Pineau H. Development of the human internal ear from the 26th to the 70th day of embryonal life. Anatomical and biometric study. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1960;77:877-919. [Pub-Med]
  • Hultcrantz M, Bagger-Sjöbäck D, Rask-Andersen H. The development of the endolymphatic duct and sac. A light microscopical study. Acta Otolaryngol. 1987;104:406-16.
  • Goul SJ. Ontogeny and phylogeny. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.
  • Jones TA, Fermin C, Hester PY, Vellinger J. Effects of microgravity on vestibular ontogeny: direct physiological and anatomical measurements following space flight (STS-29). Acta Vet Brno. 1993;62(6 Suppl):S35-42.
  • Kakizaki I, Zechner G, Altmann F. The osteocytes of the human labyrinthine capsule. Arch Otolaryngol. 1971;94(2):139-50.
  • Matthew NG, Linthicum FH. Morphology of the developing human endolynpahatic sac. Laryngocope 1998; 108:190-194.
  • Matthew NG, Linthicum FH. Morphology of the developing human endolynpahatic sac. Laryngocope 1998; 108:190-194.
  • Pflieger JF, Dubuc R. Vestibulo-reticular projections in adult lamprey: their role in locomotion. Neuroscience. 2004;129(3):817-29. [Pub-Med]
  • Porowski L, Radziemski A, Piotrowski A, Skorzewska A, Wozniak W. The foetal development of the human osseous labyrinth in a computed tomographic study. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2003;62(3):281-3. [Pub-Med]
  • Rinkwitz S, Bober E, Baker R. Development of the vertebrate inner ear. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;942:1-14.
  • Sánchez-Fernández JM, Rivera Pomar JM. A study of the development of utricular and saccular maculae in man and in rat. Am J otolaryngol 1983;5:44- 55.
  • Sans A, Dechesne CJ. Afferent nerve ending development and synaptogenesis in the vestibular epithelium of human fetuses. Hear Res 1987;28:65-72.
  • Spoor F, Hublin JJ, Braun M, Zonneveld F. The bony labyrinth of Neanderthals. J Hum Evol. 2003;44(2):141-65.
  • Streeter GL. On the development of the membraneous labyrinth and the accoustic and facial nerves in the human embryo. American Journal of Anatomy 1906;6:139-167.
  • Tribukait A, Rosenhall U, Osterdahl B. Morphological characteristics of the human macula sacculi. Audiol Neurootol. 2005;10(2):90-6. [Pub-Med]
  • Wilson VJ, Melvill J. Mammalian vestibular physiology. London: Plenum Press. 1979.
 
   Capítulo 6. Embriología de la nariz.
  • Bingham B, Wang RG, Hawke M, et al. The embryonic development of the lateral nasal wall from 8 to 24 weeks. Laryngoscope 1991;101:992–97.
  • Bossy J. Development of olfactory and related structures in staged human embryos. Anatomy and Embryology 1980;161:225-236.
  • Bronner-Fraser M. Adhesive interactions in neural crest morphogenesis. In: Maderson P(ed). Developmental and Evolutionary Aspects of the Neural Crest.John Wiley and Sons, 1987; 21-34.
  • Frenkiel S. Embryology of the nose and sinuses. In TL Tewfik, and VM Der Kaloustian(eds.). Congenital Anomalies of the Ear, Nose, and Throat. Oxford University Press, New 1997; 183-187.
  • Halpern M, Martínez-Marcos A. Structure and function of the vomeronasal system: an update. Prog Neurobiol 2003;70:245-318.
  • Kim CH, Park HW, Kim K, et al. Early development of the nose in human embryos: a stereomicroscopic and histologic analysis. Laryngoscope 2004;114:1791–800.
  • Pearson AA, The development of the eyelids. Part 1. External features. Journal of Anatomy 1980;130:33-42.
  • Terracol J, Ardouin P. Anatomie des fosses nasales et des cavités anexes. Paris, Maloine, 1965.
  • Warbrick JGThe early development of the nasal cavity and upper lip in the human embryoJ Anat 1960;94:35162 PubMed
  • Witt M, Woniak W. Structure and function of the vomeronasal organ. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2006;63:70-83.
 
   Capítulo 7 .  Embriología de los senos paranales.
  • Agrifolio A, Terrier G, Duvoisin B. etude anatomique et endoscopique de l´etmoide anterieur. Ann Otolaryng 1990;107:249-58.
  • Ardouin P. Etude embryologique du développement du sinus maxillaire. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol 1958;79:834-76.91;101:992-7.
  • Blanton PL, Biggs NL. Eighteen hundred years of controversy: the paranasal sinuses. Amer J Anat 1969;124:135.
  • Davies J. embryology and anatomy of the head, neck, face, palate, nose and paranasal sinuses, in Paparella M.M. et al. filadelfia W.B. Saunders Co. Vol. I, 1980.
  • Guenzi L. Contributo allo studio dello svillupo penatalle delle cavita accesorie del meato medio. Otorrinolaring Ital 1953;21:481-494. 
  • Hinrichsen K. the early development of morphology and patterns of the face in the human embryo. Springer, Berlin. Adv Anat Embryol and Cell Biol 1985;98.
  • Mouret J. Le schéma des masses latérales de l´etmoïde. Revue de Laryn 1922;43:8-22.
  • Proctor DF. Physilogy of the upper airway. In W.O. Fenn and H. Rahn (Eds): Handbook of physiology, seccion 3. Respiration Washington DC, American Physiological society, 1964.
  • Lang J. Clinical anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Stuttgart. Thieme 1989.
  • Ramadier J. Contribution à l´étude anatomo-chirurgicale du sphénoïde et de ethmoïde. Annales O.R.L. 1926;43:625-647.
  • Vidic B. The morphogenesis of the lateral nasl wall in the early fetal life of man. Am J Anat 1971;130:121-40.
  • Wang J, Bidari S, Inoue K, Yang H, Rhoton A. Extensions of the sphenoid sinus: a new classification. Neurosurgery 2010;66:797–816.
  • Warbrick JG. The early developement of morphology and patterns of the face in teh human embryo. J Anat 1960;94:351-62.
 
   Capítulo 8. EmbriologÍa de la faringe y de la boca.
  • Abramovich A. Embriología de la región maxilofacial. Tercera edición. 1997. Editorial Médica Panamericana.
  • Bosma JF. Postnatal ontogeny of performances of the pharynx, larynx, and mouth. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:10–15.
  • Burdi A.R., Faist K. Morphogenesis of the palate in normal human embryos with special emphasis on the mechanisms involved. American Journal of Anatomy 1967;120:149-159.
  • Futamura R. On the development of the facial musculature in man. Anat. Hefte, Bd 30 1906.
  • Gardner E, O'Rahilly R. The early development of the hip joint in staged human embryos. Journal of Anatomy 1972;172:451-452.
  • Nery EB, Kraus BS, Croup M. Timing and topography of early human tooth development. Archives in Oral Biology 1970;15:1315-1326.
  • O'Rahilly R, Müller F. The early development of the hypoglossal nerve and occipital somites in staged human embryos. American Journal of Anatomy 1984;169:237-257.
  • Raspall G. Cirugía Maxilofacial. Patología quirúrgica de la cara, boca, cabeza y cuello. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 1997.
  • Sadler T W & Langman J. (2004). Langman’s medical embryology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Sandham A, Nelson R. Embryology of the middle third of the face. Early Hum Dev. 1985 Jan;10(3-4):313-5.
  • Satterfield SB. Facial cleft. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1971 Jun;7(7):266.
  • Wang KY, Diewert VM. A morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in cleft lip and noncleft mice. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1992;12(3):141-54.
   
   Capítulo 9. Embriología de la laringe.
  • Bardeen C.R. Studies of the development of the human skeleton. American Journal of Anatomy 1905;4:265-302.
  • Dwight T. Stylo-hyoid ossification. Ann. Surg. 1907;46:721-735.
  • Hopp ES. The development of the epithelium of the larynx. Laryngosocope 1955;65(7):475-499.
  • Blumberg JB, Stevenson JK, Lemire RJ, Boyden EA. Laryngotracheoesophagelal cleft, the embriologic implicacion: review of the literature. Pedaitric Surgery 1965;57(4):559-566.
  • Contencin Ph. Malformations congénitales du larynx. Edition Tecgniques-Encycl. Med. Chif. (Paris-France), Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, 20-631-A-10, 1992, 10.
  • Gacek RR. Localization of laryngeal motor neurnorns in the kitten. Laryngoscope 1975;85:1841-1861. 
  • Hats MH. The development anatomy of the larynx Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 1970; 3(3):413-438.
  • Hast MH. Earloy development of the laryngeal muscles. Ann Otol 1972;81:524- 531.
  • Hast MH. Applied embriology of the larynx. Canqad J. of Otolaryngology 1974;3(4):412-416.
  • Koebke J. Some observations on the development of the human hyoid bone. Anat.Embryol. 1978;153:279-286.
  • Lisser H. Studies on the development of the human larynx. Am J. Ant 1912;12:27-66. • López de la Torre M, Montero E. Algunos aspectos embriológicos del músculo cordal. Acta Otorinolaringologic Española 1963;3:21-41.
  • Manoukian JJ, Tan AK: Embryology of the larynx. In: Tewfik TL, Der Kaloustian VM, eds. Congenital Anomalies of the Ear, Nose, and Throat. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1997:377-382.
  • McKenzie J, The development of the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles. 1962; CIWP 621, CE 37 121-129.
  • Morgon A. Embriologie du larynx. J.F. ORL 1971;20:395-396. • Nicolas A. Recerces sur le développement de quelques élèmentsn du larynx umain. Bibliographie anatomique 09-10-1894. 2ª Année, nº 5:176-191.
  • Muller F., O´Rahilly R., Tucker JA. The human larynx at the end of the embryonic period proper. Acta otolaryngol 1981;91: 326-336.
  • O'Rahilly R, Boyden EA. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human respiratory system during the embryonic period proper. Zeitschrift für Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte 1973;141:237-250.
  • O'Rahilly R, Tucker JA. The early development of the larynx in staged human embryos. Part I: Embryos of the first five weeks Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 1973;82, Supplement 7, 1-27.
  • Tucker GF, Alonso WA, Tucker JA, Cowan M, Druck N. The anterior commisure revised. Ann of Otology 1973;82:625-636.
  • Tucker GG, Smith HR. A histological demonstration of the development of laryngeal connective tissue compartments. Trans Am Acad Ophtalmol Otolaryngol 1962;66:308-318.
  • Tucker GF, Tucker JA, Vidic B. Anatomy and development of the cricoid. Serial section whole organ study of perinatal larynges. The annals of otol 1977;86(6):766-769.
  • Tucker JA, Tucker GF. Some aspects of fetal laryngeal development. An of Otol 1975;84:49-55.
  • Tucker JA, Vidic B, Tucker GF, Stead j. Survey of the development of laryngeal epithelium. Ann of Otol 1976;85, sup 30, nº 5, part 2.
  • Verhulst J. Êvolution du larynx de la naissance à la pubertè. Revue de Laryngologie, Bordeaux 1987;108:4.
  • Walander A. Prenatral development of the epithelial primordium of the larynx in rats. Acta Anat (Basell) 1950; supp 13. Vol 10.
  • Wind J. On the phylogeny and iontogeny of the human larynx. A morphological and funcional study. Wolters Noodhoff Publishing Groningen Netherlands. 1970..
  • Zaw-tun ZA, Burdi AR. Reexamination of the origin and early development of the human larynx. Acta .Anat 1985;122:163-184.

    

 
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