Capítulo 1. Introducción. 

  • Bouchet A, Cuilleret J. Anatomie Topographique, Descriptive et Fonctionelle. Vol. VIII. La Face, la téte et les organs des sens. Ed. Simep; 1969.
  • Cuninngham. Manual de Anatomía. Vol III. Cabeza, cuello y cerebro. Ed. Intermédica. Buenos Aires; 1977.
  • Delmas A. Vías y Centros Nerviosos. Ed. Toray-Masson. Barcelona; 1972.
  • Gacek RR. Neuroanatomy of the nerves in the temporal bone. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2002;60:12-31.
  • Garned E, Gray DJ, O'Rahilly R. Anatomía. Ed. Salvat. Barcelona; 1967.
  • Pérez Casas A, Bengoechea ME. Morfología, estructura y función de los centros nerviosos. Ed. Paz Montalvo. Madrid; 1967.
  • Gay Escoda C, Berini Aytés L. Cirugía bucal. Ediciones Ergon, S.A. 1999.
  • Go JL, Kim PE, Zee CS. The trigeminal nerve. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2001;22(6):502-20.
  • Gray H. Anatomía humana. Tomo II. 28' 1 edición. Ed. Emece. Buenos Aires; 1942.
  • Gregoire R, Oberli. Précis d'Anatomie. Organes des sens. Atlas. 5. a edición. Ed. Baillière. Paris; 1960.
  • Hollinshead WH. Anatomy for surgeons. Vol. I. 21 edición. The head and neck. Ed. Harper and Row. New York; 1971.
  • Lazhortes G. Sistema Nervioso Periférico. Ed. Toray-Masson. Barcelona; 1976.
  • Lockart RD, Hamilton GE, Fyfe FW. Anatomía Humana. Ed. Interamericana. México; 1965.
  • Lumley J S P, Craven J L, Aitken J T. Oido, región intracraneal y nervios craneales. Anatomia esencial. Aplicaciones técnicas. ed. Barcelona. Salvat. 1985; 333-347.
  • Netter EH. Colección CIBA de Ilustraciones Médicas Tomo I/1. Sistema Nervioso. Ed. Salvat. Barcelona; 1988.
  • Orts Llorca F. Anatomía Humana. Tomo II. Sistema Nervioso Central. Organos de los Sentidos. 5ª edición. Ed. Científico Médica. Barcelona; 1980.
  • Rouviere H, Delmas A. Anatomía humana. Tomo l. Cabeza y cuello. Ed. Masson. Barcelona; 1987.
  • Sekhar LN, Estonillo R. Transtemporal approach to the skull base: an anatomical study. Neurosurgery. 1986;19(5):799-808. [PubMed] 
  • Sobotta-Beche. Atlas de Anatomía Humana. Tomo II. Ed. Toray S.A. Barcelona; 1974.
  • Streeter G.L., (1908a) The nuclei of origin of the cranial nerves in the 10mm human embryo. Anatomical Record 2, 111-115.
  • Streeter G.L., (1908b) The peripheral nervous system on the human embryo at the end of the first month (10mm). American Journal of Anatomy 8, 285-303.
  • Testud L, Jacob O. Anatomía Topográfica. Tomo I. 8a edición. Ed. Salvat. Barcelona; 1975.

      

   Capítulo 2. Anatomía de los nervios oculares.

  • Abo-El-Enene MA. Proprioceptive afferent fibers in the cranial nerves III, IV and VI.Acta Anat (Basel). 1978;101(1):62-5.
  • Anatomy oí the eye and orbit. R.J. Last Lewis. London; 1968.
  • Castillo M. Imaging of the upper cranial nerves I, III-VIII, and the cavernous sinuses. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2002;10(3):415-31.
  • DaSilva AF, Becerra L, Makris N, Strassman AM, Gonzalez RG, Geatrakis N, Borsook D. Somatotopic activation in the human trigeminal pain pathway. J Neurosci. 2002; 15;22(18):8183-92.
  • Govsa F, Kayalioglu G, Erturk M, Ozgur T. The superior orbital fissure and its contents. Surg Radiol Anat. 1999;21(3):181-5.
  • Khale W, Leohnardt H, Platzer W. Atlas de Anatomía. Tomo III. Sistema Nervioso y Organos de los Sentidos. Ed. Omega. Barcelona; 1977.
  • Miller NR. The ocular motor nerves.Curr Opin Neurol. 1996;9(1):21-5.
  • Newman A, Suarez C, Kuruvilla A, Honrubia V. Regeneration of the eighth cranial nerve. III. Central projections of the primary afferent fibers from individual vestibular receptors in the bullfrog. Laryngoscope. 1989; 99(2):162-73.
  • Oohira A, Furuya T. Ocular neuromyotonia with spastic lid closure. J Neuroophthalmol. 2006;26(4):244-7.
  • Pérez Moreiras JV. Patología orbitaria. LXII Ponencia de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Barcelona; 1986.
  • Piñero Bustamante A. Aparato ocular. Anatomía fisiología patología. Laboratorios Cusí. 1992; 6-65.
  • Sekiya T, Hatayama T, Iwabuchi T, Maeda S. Intraoperative recordings of evoked extraocular muscle activities to monitor ocular motor nerve function.Neurosurgery. 1993;32(2):227-35; discussion 235.
  • Shults WT, Hoyt WF, Behrens M, MacLean J, Saul RF, Corbett JJ. Ocular neuromyotonia. A clinical description of six patients. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104(7):1028-34.
  • Yuruten B, Ilhan S. Ocular neuromyotonia: a case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105(2):140-2.
   

    Capítulo 3.  Anatomía del nervio trigémino.

  • Aker FD. Innervation of rat molar teeth: II. A quantitative analysis of primary sensory neurons innervating a mandibular molar tooth. Anat Rec. 1987;219(2):186-92.
  • Brodal A. Neurological anatomy. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981;508–32.
  • Capra NF, Dessem D. Central connections of trigeminal primary afferent neurons: topographical and functional considerations. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1992;4(1):1-52.
  • Ezure H, Goto N, Nonaka N, Goto J, Tani H. Morphometric analysis of the human trigeminal nerve. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2001;78(2-3):49-53.
  • Hwang K, Han JY, Battuvshin D, Kim DJ, Chung IH. Communication of infraorbital nerve and facial nerve: anatomic and histologic study. J Craniofac Surg. 2004;15(1):88-91.
  • Iannilli E, Gerber J, Frasnelli J, Hummel T. Intranasal trigeminal function in subjects with and without an intact sense of smell. Brain Res. 2007;30;1139:235-44.
  • Keusters D. The nervus trigeminus. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1986;40(1):121-41.
  • Larrier D, Lee A. Anatomy of headache and facial pain. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2003;36(6):1041-53.
  • Menetrey D, Basbaum AI. Spinal and trigeminal projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract: a possible substrate for somatovisceral and viscerovisceral reflex activation. J Comp Neurol. 1987; 15;255(3):439-50.
  • Mooney SM, Miller MW. Postnatal generation of neurons in the ventrobasal nucleus of the rat thalamus. J Neurosci. 2007;27(19):5023-32.
  • Ongerboer de Visser BW. Anatomical and functional organization of the reflexes involving the trigeminal system in man: jaw reflex, blink reflex, corneal reflex, and exteroceptive suppression. Adv Neurol. 1983; 39: 72738. [PubMed]
  • Oyagi S, Ito J, Honjo I. The trigeminal sensory innervation to the middle ear, eustachian tube, and pharynx: a study by the horseradish peroxidase tracer method. Laryngoscope. 1990;100(8):873-7.
  • Pictorial review: Trigeminal nerve: anatomy and pathology. Br J Radiol. 2001;74(881):458-67. [PubMed]
  • Shankland WE 2nd. The trigeminal nerve. Part I: An over-view. Cranio. 2000;18(4):238-48.
  • Smoliar E, Smoliar A, Belkin VS. Innervation of human trigeminal nerve blood vessels. Cells Tissues Organs. 1999;165(1):40-4.
  • Szekely G. Comparative anatomy of cranial nerve motor nuclei: with a comment on evolution of the craniofacial region. Eur J Morphol. 1994;32(2-4):217-24.
  • Smoliar E, Smoliar A, Belkin VS. Innervation of human trigeminal nerve blood vessels. Cells Tissues Organs. 1999;165(1):40-4.
  • Tohma A, Mine K, Tamatsu Y, Shimada K. Communication between the buccal nerve (V) and facial nerve (VII) in the human face. Ann Anat. 2004;186(2):173-8.
  • Varrela J, Koski K. Trigeminal foraminal pattern in the face. Acta Anat (Basel). 1990;138(3):208-11.
  • Ziyal IM, Sekhar LN, Ozgen T, Soylemezoglu F, Alper M, Beser M. The trigeminal nerve and ganglion: an anatomical, histological, and radiological study addressing the transtrigeminal approach. Surg Neurol. 2004;61(6):564-73.
  • Ziyal IM, Ozgen T. Trigeminal nerve. J Neurosurg. 2005;102(4):758-9.

                                                                                           

    Capítulo 4.  Anatomía del nervio oftálmico.

  • Prasad S, Galetta SL. Anatomy and physiology of the afferent visual system.Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;102:3-19. [PubMed]

  • Shankland WE. The trigeminal nerve. Part II: the ophthalmic division. Cranio. 2001;19(1):8-12.

                                 

    Capítulo 5.  Anatomía del nervio maxilar superior.

  • Durick RJ. The third and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve: dental considerations. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 1995;75(2):18-22.
  • Hwang K, Suh MS, Chung IH. Cutaneous distribution of infraorbital nerve. J Craniofac Surg. 2004;15(1):3-5.
  • Hwang K, Suh MS, Chung IH. Cutaneous distribution of infraorbital nerve. J Craniofac Surg. 2004;15(1):3-5.
  • Hu KS, Kwak HH, Song WC, Kang HJ, Kim HC, Fontaine C, Kim HJ. Branching patterns of the infraorbital nerve and topography within the infraorbital space. J Craniofac Surg. 2006 Nov;17(6):1111-5.
  • Hu KS, Kwak J, Koh KS, Abe S, Fontaine C, Kim HJ. Topographic distribution area of the infraorbital nerve. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007;29(5):383-388.
  • Lim WH, Lee SK, Wikesjo UM, Chun YS. A descriptive tissue evaluation at maxillary interradicular sites: Implications for orthodontic mini-implant placement. Clin Anat. 2007;21.
  • Scheibe M, Zahnert T, Hummel T. Topographical differences in the trigeminal sensitivity of the human nasal mucosa. Neuroreport. 2006;17(13):1417-20.
  • Shankland WE 2nd. The trigeminal nerve. Part III: The maxillary division. Cranio. 2001;19(2):78-83.
  • Trigeminal modulation of gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Brain Res. 2003; 30, 973(2):265-74.

                               

   Capítulo 6.  Anatomía del nervio mandibular.

  • Brown JA. The trigeminal complex. Anatomy and physiology. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1997;8(1):1-10.
  • Du Toit DF. Auriculo-temporal nerve. Clinicopathological relevance to facial-maxillary practice. SADJ. 2003;58(2):62-3.
  • Du Toit DF. Nervus lingualis: applied anatomical relevance to dental practice and oral surgery. SADJ. 2003;58(5):207, 210-2.
  • Levine MH, Goddard AL, Dodson TB. Inferior alveolar nerve canal position: a clinical and radiographic study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(3):470-4.
  • Nemzek WR. The trigeminal nerve. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;8(3):132-54. - Wadu SG, Penhall B, Townsend GC. Morphological variability of the human inferior alveolar nerve. Clin Anat. 1997;10(2):82-7.
  • Oguz O, Bozkir MG. Evaluation of location of mandibular and mental foramina in dry, young, adult human male, dentulous mandibles. West Indian Med J. 2002;51(1):14-6.
  • Priya R, Manjunath KY, Balasubramanyam. Retromolar foramen. Indian J Dent Res. 2005;16(1):15-6.
  • Sawyer DR, Kiely ML. Retromolar foramen: a mandibular variant important to dentistry. Ann Dent. 1991;50(1):16-8.
  • Shankland WE 2nd. The trigeminal nerve. Part IV: the mandibular division. Cranio. 2001;19(3):153-61.
  • Shimokawa T, Akita K, Soma K, Sato T. An anatomical study of the muscles innervated by the masseteric nerve. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1999;75(6):271-80.
  • Tilotta-Yasukawa F, Millot S, El Haddioui A, Bravetti P, Gaudy JF. Labiomandibular paresthesia caused by endodontic treatment: an anatomic and clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102(4):e47-59.
  • Vass Z, Shore SE, Nuttall AL, Miller JM. Direct evidence of trigeminal innervation of the cochlear blood vessels. Neuroscience. 1998;84(2):559-67.

    

    Capítulo 8.  Anatomía del nervio facial.

  • Abreu de CE, Cruz OL. Surgical Anatomy of Anterior and Retrofacial Approaches to Sinus Tympani. Otol Neurotol. 2007;22.
  • Bejjani GK, Sullivan B, Salas-Lopez E, Abello J, Wright DC, Jurjus A, Sekhar LN. Surgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa: the styloid diaphragm revisited. Neurosurgery. 1998;43(4):842-52.
  • Donaldson JA, Anson BJ. Surgical anatomy of the facial nerve. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1974;7(2):289-308.
  • Durcan DJ, Shea JJ, Sleeckx JP. Bifurcation of the facial nerve. Arch Otolaryngol. 1967;86(6):619-31.
  • Fujita S, Nakashima S, Sando I, Takahashi H. Postnatal developmental changes in facial nerve morphology. Computer-aided 3-D reconstruction and measurement. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1994;251(7):434-8.
  • Grzybowski A, Kaufman MH. Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842): contributions to neuro- ophthalmology. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;2.
  • Guerrier Y. Le nerve facial. Quelque points d´anatomie topographique. Ann otolaryngol 1975;92:161-171.
  • Judkins RF, Li H. Surgical anatomy of the rat middle ear. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117(5):438-47.
  • Hiatt JL, Gartner LP. Textbook of Head and Neck Anatomy, 2nd edition, Williams and Wilkins, 1987.
  • Hwang K, Hwang JH, Cho HJ, Kim DJ, Chung IH. Horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve and temporal branch of the facial nerve. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16(4):647-9.
  • Low WK. Surgical anatomy of the facial nerve in Chinese mastoids. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1999;61(6):341-4.
  • Martin-Duverneuil N, Lafitte F, Chiras J. Cross-sectional anatomy of the facial nerve. JBR-BTR. 1999;82(6):301-5.
  • Miehlke A. Anatomy and clinical aspects of the facial nerve. Arch Otolaryngol. 1965;81:444-5.
  • Moreau S, Bourdon N, Salame E, Goullet de Rugy M, Babin E, Valdazo A, Delmas P. Facial nerve: vascular-related anatomy at the stylomastoid foramen. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2000;109(9):849-52.
  • Nager GT, Proctor B. The facial canal: normal anatomy, variations and anomalies. II. Anatomical variations and anomalies involving the facial canal. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1982;97:45-61
  • Nager GT, Proctor B. Anatomic variations and anomalies involving the facial canal. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(3):531-53.
  • Nelson DW, Gingrass RP. Anatomy of the mandibular branches of the facial nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 1979;64:479-82.
  • Nitek S, Wysocki J, Niemczyk K, Ungier E. The anatomy of the tympanic sinus. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2006;65(3):195-9.
  • Proctor B, Nager GT. The facial canal: normal anatomy, variations and anomalies. I. Normal anatomy of the facial canal. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1982;97:33-44.
  • Roche PH, Lari N, Thomassin JM, Regis J. Facial nerve. J Neurosurg. 2006;104(1):175-6.
  • Salame K, Ouaknine GE, Arensburg B, Rochkind S. Microsurgical anatomy of the facial nerve trunk. Clin Anat. 2002;15(2):93-9.
  • Saylam C, Ucerler H, Orhan M, Uckan A, Ozek C. Localization of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve. J Craniofac Surg. 2007;18(1):137-42.
  • Streeter GL. On the development of the membraneous labyrinth and the accoustic and facial nerves in the human embryo. American Journal of Anatomy 1906;6, 139-167.
  • Urso-Baiarda F, Grobbelaar AO. Practical nerve morphometry. J Neurosci Methods. 2006; 30:156(1-2):333-41.
  • Young PA, Young PH. Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy, Williams and Wilkins, 1997.
  •    Capítulo 9.  Anatomía del nervio glosofaríngeo.
  • Kawai K. Terminal distribution of the branch termed Ramus communicans cum nervo glossopharyngeo of the facial nerve and its morphological significance. Acta Anat (Basel). 1995;153(1):57-63.
  • Peuker ET, Filler TJ. The nerve supply of the human auricle. Clin Anat. 2002;15(1):35-7.
  • Salame K, Masharawi Y, Rochkind S, Arensburg B. Surgical anatomy of the cervical segment of the hypoglossal nerve. Clin Anat. 2006;19(1):37-43.

                                                    

   Capítulo 10.  Anatomía del nervio vago.

  • Lo A, Oehley M, Bartlett A, Adams D, Blyth P, Al-Ali S. Anatomical variations of the common carotid artery bifurcation. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(11):970-2.
  • Liang Y, Fang M, Li J, Wai MS, Lam WP, Yew DT. Vagus, hypoglossal, and median nerves in human development.Int J Neurosci. 2007;117(4):453-64.
  • Toma JS, McPhail LT, Ramer MS. Comparative postnatal development of spinal, trigeminal and vagal sensory root entry zones. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2006;24(6):373-88.                                                               

 

    Capítulo 11.  Anatomía del nervio espinal.

  • Aramrattana A, Sittitrai P, Harnsiriwattanagit K. Surgical anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck. Asian J Surg. 2005;28(3):171-3.
  • Ballesteros LE, Ramirez LM. Variations of the origin of collateral branches emerging from the posterior aspect of the brachial plexus. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2007;23;2:14.
  • Bremner-Smith AT, Unwin AJ, Williams WW. Sensory pathways in the spinal accessory nerve. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(2):226-8.
  • Cappiello J, Piazza C, Nicolai P. The spinal accessory nerve in head and neck surgery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;15(2):107-11.
  • Castillo M, Mukherji SK. Magnetic resonance imaging of cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;8(3):180-6.
  • Fisher DA. A simple method of identifying the spinal accessory nerve. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26(4):384-6.
  • Hadley KS, Shelton C. Infratemporal fossa approach to the hypoglossal canal: practical landmarks for elusive anatomy. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(9):1648-51.
  • Katsuta T, Rhoton AL Jr, Matsushima T. The jugular foramen: microsurgical anatomy and operative approaches. Neurosurgery. 1997;41(1):149-201.
  • Kessler J, Gray AT. Course of the spinal accessory nerve relative to the brachial plexus. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32(2):174-6.
  • Larson TC 3rd, Aulino JM, Laine FJ. Imaging of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2002;23(3):238-55.
  • Leung MK, Dieu T, Cleland H. Surgical approach to the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113(7):2067-70.
  • Lu J, Ebraheim NA, Nadim Y, Huntoon M. Anterior approach to the cervical spine: surgical anatomy. Orthopedics. 2000;23(8):841-5.
  • Ryan S, Blyth P, Duggan N, Wild M, Al-Ali S. Is the cranial accessory nerve really a portion of the accessory nerve? Anatomy of the cranial nerves in the jugular foramen. Anat Sci Int. 2007;82(1):1-7.
  • Shiozaki K, Abe S, Agematsu H, Mitarashi S, Sakiyama K, Hashimoto M, Ide Y. Anatomical study of accessory nerve innervation relating to functional neck dissection. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(1):22-9.
  • Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Slappey JB, Shoja MM, Oakes WJ, Salter EG. Clinical anatomy of the C1 dorsal root, ganglion, and ramus: A review and anatomical study. Clin Anat. 2007;1.

                                                      

    Capítulo 12. Anatomía del nervio hipogloso.

  • Dowanman CBB. Afferent fibres of the hypoglossal nerve. J Anat, 1939;73: 387-395.
  • Tarkhan AA. Abou El Naga I. Sensory fibres in the hypoglossal nerve. J Anat, 81: 23-32.
  • Zimmy R. The opposite nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve in the medulla oblongata of the dog. Folia Morph, 1967;26: 89-95.
  • Olivier A, Scotti G, Melancon D. Vascular entrapment of the hypoglossal nerve in the neck. J Neurosurg 1977;47:472–475.
  • Turner W. A phrenic nerve receiving a root of origin from the descendens hypoglossi. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 1983;7: 427.
  • Chhetri DK, Berke GS. Ansa cervicalis nerve. Laryngoscope 1997;107: 1366-1372.-   Salame K, Masharawi Y, Rochkind S, Arensburg B. Surgical anatomy of the cervical segment of the hypoglossal nerve. Clin Anat. 2006;19(1):37-43.
  • Bademci G, Yaşargil MG. Microsurgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(8):841-7.
  • Fernandez E, Doglietto F, Ciampini A, Lauretti L. Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(1):244-5.