47.12 BIBLIOGRAFÍA.

 
   Capítulo 1.   Introducción.
  • Cammoun M, Ellouz R, Behi J, Attia RB. Histological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in an intermediate risk area. IARC Sci Publ. 1978;13-26.
  • Shanmugaratnam K, Chan SH, de The G, Goh JE, Khor TH, Simons MJ, Tye CY. Histopathology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlations with epidemiology, survival rates and other biological characteristics. Cancer 1979;44:1029-1044.
  • Shanmugaratnam K. Histological Typing of Tumours of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Ear. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag: Berlin. 1991.
  • Teoh TB. Epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx among Chinese: a study of 31 necropsies. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1957;73:451-465.
  • Weiland LH. The histopathological spectrum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IARC Sci Publ 1978;41-50. 
  • White M, Neel HB. Nasopharyngeal cancer. En: Bailey B, Healy G, Johnson J eds. Head and neck surgery otolaryngology. New York: Lippincott Co, 1993; cap. 116.
 
   Capítulo 2.   Tumores benignos de la rinofaringe.
  • Abdullah BJJ, Liam CK, Kaur H, Mathew KM. Parapharyngeal space lipoma causing sleep apnoea. Br J Radiol. 1997;70:1063-1065. 
  • Amilibia E, Nogues J, Sandoval M, Arias G, Dicenta M. Tumor de las glándulas salivares menores en rinofaringe. Acta Otorrhinolaringol Esp. 1997;48(8):671-3. 
  • Arrarte JM, Franche G, Barra MB, Saffer M. Radiology forum: imaging quiz case 3. Hamartoma of the nasopharynx. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;126:1032-6. 
  • Badrawy R, Saiwaf F, Fhmy S. Cyst the nasopharynx. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1974;88:571.
  • Campagno J, Wong RT. Intranasal mixed tumors (pleomorphic  adenomas): a clinicopathological study of 40 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1977;68(2):213-8.
  • Catagay Han Ulku, Yavuz Uyar. Parapharyngeal Lipoma Extending to Skull Base: A case report and review of the literature. Skull Base. 2004;14(2):121-125.
  • Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Robbins pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1989;537-538.
  • Chessin H, Smith H. Chromophobo adenoma manifesting as a nasopharyngeal mass. Archives of Otolaryngology 1978;102:631. 
  • Deepti Singhal, Ramanuj Bansal, Agarwal AK, Nimit Singhal. Lipoma of the parapharyngeal space. The Internet Journal of Otorrhinolaryngology. 2005;3(2).
  • Erkan AN, Yavuz H, Yilmazer C, Ozluoglu L, Bolat FA. Radiology quiz case 2. Diagnosis: parapharyngeal lipoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(8): 997-999.
  • Foxwelol PB, Kelham BH. Teratoid tumours of the nasopharyx. Journal of Laryngology and otology 1958;72:647.
  • Geurts TW, Lohuis PJ, Pameijer FA, Van den Brekel M. Radiology quiz case 2. Diagnosis: Nasopharyngeal lipoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002; 128:1331-1333.
  • Gnepp DR. Nonsquamous lesions of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Diagnostic surgical pathology of the head and neck. Philadelphia: WB Saunders company, 2001;91-2.
  • Graeme Cook F, Pilch BZ. Hamartomas of the nose and nasopharynx. Head Neck 1992;14:321-7.
  • Gustavson R, Neel HB. Cyst and tumors of the nasopharynx. EN: Paparella MM Ed. Tratado de Otorrinolaringología 2ª Ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 1998; 2189-98.
  • Har-el G, Zirkin HY, Tovi F, Sidi J. Congenital pleomorphic adenoma of the nasophariynx (repor of one case). The Journal of Laqryngology and Otology 1985;99:1281-7. 
  • Hong KH, Seo SY, Lee DG. Chondrolipoma of the nasopharynx. J Laryngol Otol. 1998 Jan;112(1):75-6. 
  • Kalan A, Ahmed-Shuaib A, Tariq M. Lipoma in fossa of Rosenmuller. J Laryngol Otol. 2000 Jun;114(6):465-6. 
  • Li TS. Minor salivary gland tumors of the nasopharynx. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1990;12(2):127-9. 
  • Millis CP. A midline cyst of the nasopharynx. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1955;69:215. 
  • Perzin K, Shi-Fu Y. Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. Cancer 1980;45:2616-2626.
  • Raboso E, Navas C, Martínez Vidal A, Vázquez R. Hamartoma fibroglandular de fosa nasal: descripción de un caso y revisión. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2000;51:445-7. 
  • Rosell A, Llavero MT, García-Arranz G, Martinez-San Millán J. Lipoma of the retropharyngeal space. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1998;107:726-728. 
  • Wenig BM, Heffner DK. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx: a clinicopathologic study of 31 cases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995;104:639-45.
  • Willis RA. Some unusual developmental heterotopias. BMJ 1968;3:267-72. <Pub Med>
  • Wilson CP. Observations on the surgery of the nasopharynx. Annals of otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 1957;66:5.
  • Witkin G, Rosai J. Solitary fibrous tumor of the upper respiratory tract. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:842-848. 
  • Zarbo RJ, McClatchey KD. Nasopharyngeal hamartoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Laryngoscope 1983;93:494-7.
 
   Capítulo 3.   Agiofibroma nasofaringeo juvenil.
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  • Bales C, Kotapka M, Loevner LA, Al-Ram M, Weinstein G, Hurst  R, Weber RS. Craniofacial Resection of Advanced Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 128:1071-8. 
  • Bartual J. Fibromas nasofaríngeos: aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Acta ORL Española 1969;XX:101-132.
  • Bilbao P, Garmendia I, García J. Valor del tratamiento radioterápico en el angioma nasofaríngeo. Gaceta Médica de Bilbao 1982;79(10):623-630.
  • Briant TDR, Fizpatrick PJ, Berman J. Nasopharingeal angiofibroma: a twenty year study. Laryngoscope 1978;88:1247-1251.
  • Bryan RN, Sessions RB, Horowitz BL. Radiographic management of juvenile angiofibromas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1981;2:157-66.
  • Butugan O. Angiofibroma Juvenil - Aspectos Atuais Terapêuticos. In: Brandão LG, Ferraz AR. Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço. São Paulo: Editora Roca; 1989. Vol.2. p.415-20.
  • Carrillo JF, Maldonado F, Albores O, Ramírez-Ortega MC, Oñate-Ocaña LF. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Clinical factors associated with recurrence, and proposal of a staging system. J Surg Oncol 2008;98(2):75-80.
  • Celedón C, Pruzzo E, Rico B, Sepúlveda J, Navarrete C. Fibroangioma de rinofaringe: experiencia de 20 años. Rev Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeza Cuello 1995; 55(2/3): 65-71.
  • Chanderler JR et al. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Staging and management. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1984;93:322-29.
  • Chen YC, Cen JY, Liu MY, et al. Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in taiwanese men. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1877-82  
  • Chandler JR, Goulding R, Moskowitz L, Quenzer RM. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Staging and management. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1984;93:322-329.
  • De Vicentiis et al. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in pediatric age. J Ped Otol 1980;2: 99-122.
  • Dillard DG, Cohen C, Muller S, Del Gaudio J, Reichman O, Parrish B, Rackley D, Gal AA. Immunolocalization of Activated Transforming Growth Factor 1 in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibrom. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;126:723-5. 
  • Dohar J, Duvall A. Spontaneous regressions of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992;101:469-471.
  • Fagan J, Snyderman C, Carrau R, Janecka I. Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas: Selecting a surgical approach. Head Neck S.1997;12:391-399.
  • Fiels JN, Halverson KJ, Devineni VR. Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Efficacy of Radiation Therapy. Radiology 1990;176:263–5.
  • Fritzpatrick PJ,  et al.. The nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Arch Otolaryngol 1980; 106:234-6. 
  • Gaeta Mendoza M. Nasoangiofibroma juvenil frecuencia. Incidencia de acuerdo a grupo sanguíneo. An ORL Méx 2005;50:17-21.
  • Gullane PJ, Davison J, O’Dwyer T, Forte V. Juvenile Angiofibroma: A Review of the Literature and Case Series Report. Laryngoscope 1992;102:928-33.
  • Hanamure Y, Tanaka N, Kawabata T, Kasano F, Kashima N. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: stage and surgical approach. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2005;108(5):51321.
  • Howard DJ, Lloyd G, Lund V. Recurrence and its avoidance in juvenile angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 2001;111:1509-1511.
  • Howard David J. Endoscopic Surgery for Juvenile Angiofibroma: When and How. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(5):775-782.
  • Ibañez JM. Et al. Angiofibromas nasofaríngeos  juveniles: estado actual. ORL-dips 1990;6:297-320.
  • Jafek BW et al. Surgical treatment of juvenil nasopharingeal angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 1973;83:707-720.
  • Kamel RH. Transnasal endoscopic surgery in juvenile angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 1996;110:962-968.
  • Lee JT, Chen P, Safa A. The role of radiation in the treatment of advanced juvenile angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 2002;112:1213-1220.
  • Lannetti G, Belli E, De Ponte F et al. The surgical approaches to nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Craneo-Maxilo-Facial Surg 1994;22:311-316.
  • Liu L, Wang R, Huang D, Han D, Ferguson EJ, Shi H, Yang W. Analysis of intra-operative bleeding and recurrence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Clin Otolaryngol. 2002; 27:536-540.
  • Mair EA, Battiata A, Casler JD. Endoscopic laser-assisted excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:454-459.
  • Makek MS et al. Malignant transformation of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 1989;99:1088-92.
  • Mann WJ, Jecker P, Amedee RG. Juvenile angiofibromas: changing surgical concept over the last 20 years. Laryngoscope. 2004 Feb;114(2):291-293.
  • McAfee WJ, Morris CG, Aamdur RJ, Werning JW, Mendenhall WM. Definitive Radiotherapy for Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;29:168-70.
  • McCombe A, Lund V, Howard DJ. Recurrence in juvenile angiofibroma. Rhinology 1990;28:97-102. 
  • Million RR, Cassisi NJ, Stringer SP et al. Juvenile angiofibroma. In: Management of Head and neck cancer.Amultidisciplinary approach. JB Lippincott Comp. Philadelphia, USA 1994; 627-41.
  • Mishra SC, et al. Angiofibromas of the postnasal space: a critical appraisal of varius therapeutic modalities. J Laryngol Otol 1991;105:547-552. 
  • Mistry RC, Qureshi SS, Gupta S, Gupta S. Juvenile nasopharyneal angiofibroma: A single institution study. Indian J Cancer. 2005;42:35-9.
  • Nagai MA, Butugan O, Logullo A. Expresion of growth factors, protooncogenes and p53 in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 1996;18:869-873.
  • París J, Guelfucci B, Moulin G, Zanaret M, Triglia JM. Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2001;258(3):120-4. 
  • Perello E, et al. Angiofribome nasopharyngien: a propos de 9 cas. Comptes rendus des Séances. 76 Congrès Français d´Otorhino-laringologie. Editions Arnette Paris, 1979 :206-216.
  • Petruson K, Rodríguez-Catarino M. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Longterm results in preoperative embolized and non-embolized patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2002;122:96-100. 
  • Poch Viñals J et al. La colaboración neuriquirúrgica en el tratamiento de algunos angiofi9bromas sangrantes juveniles. An Otorrinolaringol Iberoam 1985;12:31-50.
  • Pryor SG, Moore EJ, Kasperbauer JL. Endoscopic versus Traditional Approaches for Excision of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 2005;115:1201-7. 
  • Quesada P, Piñas J, García M. Angiofibromas nasofaríngeos: aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos. ORL-dips 1987;1:31-42.
  • Reddy KA, Mendenhall WM, Amdur RJ, Stringer SP, Cassisi NJ. Long-term results of radiation therapy for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Am J Otolaryngol. 2001 May-Jun;22(3):172- 175.
  • Ricardo LAC, Tiago RSL, Fava AS. Angiofibroma Nasofaríngeo: Revisão de Literatura. Rev Bras ORL. 2003;69(3):394-403.
  • Roger G,Tran Ba Huy P, Froelich P, et al. Exclusive endoscopic removal of Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128:928-935. 
  • Sánchez Guzmán G. Experiencia en el manejo de nasoangiofibroma juvenil en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Acta de Otorrinolaringologia &Cirugia de Cabeza y Cuello. 1999;27;3.
  • Sarria R, Capitán A, Sprekelsen C, Viviente E, Cuervo G, Ferran A. Endoscopio surgery of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma by double embolization. Acta Otorrinolarinol Esp 2000;51:259-262. 
  • Sánchez Marle et al. Cirugía conteporánea del angiofibroma. An Otorrinolaringol Iberoam 1988;15:481-492,
  • Scholtz AW, Appenroth E, Kammen-Jolly K, Scholtz LU, Thumfart WF. Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Management and Therapy. Laryngoscope 2001;111: 681-7.
  • Schick Bl, Rahmann A, Brors D, Kahle G, Draf W. Experiences with endonasal surgery in angiofibroma. Rhinology 1999;37:80-85. 
  • Sennes LU, Butugan O, Sánchez TG, Bento RF, Tsuji DH. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: the routes of invasion. Rhinology 2003;41:235-40.
  • Stansbie JM, Phelps P. Involution of residual juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 1986;100:599-603. 
  • Stemberg SS. Pathology of juvenile nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma, a lesion of adolescent males. Cancer 1954;7:15-18. 
  • Tandon DA, et al. Nasopaharungeal angiofibroma: a nine year experience. J Laryngol Otol 1988;102:805-809. 
  • Trambahuy P, et al. Intratumoral embolization of juvenile angiofibroma. Am J Otolaryngol 199415:429-5. 
  • Ward PH, Thompson R, Calcaterra T, Kadin MR. Juvenil angiofibroma: a mor rational therapeutic approach based upon clinical and experimental evidence. Laryngoscope 1974; 84:2181-2194.   
  • Wylie JP, Slevin NJ, Jhonson RJ. Intracraneal juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Clinical Oncology 1998;10:330-3.  
 
 Capítulo 4.   Tumores malignos de la rinofaringe: generalidades.
  • Bourhis J, Schwaab G. Câncer de Nasofaringe. Enciclopedia Médico-Quirúrgica. Edicions Scientifiques et Medicales Elsevier SAS, Paris 2000. 20-590-A-10.
  • Consensus conference. Magnetic resonance imaging. JAMA 1988; 259 (14): 2132-8.
  • Chien YC, Chen JY, Liu MY, et al. Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwanese men. N Engl J Med 2001;345 (26):1877-82.
  • Decker J, Goldstein JC.  Risk factors in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 1982;306 (19):1151-5.
  • Fandi A, Altun M, Azli N, et al.: Nasopharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, staging, and treatment. Semin Oncol 1994;21 (3): 382-97.
  • Feinmesser R, Miyazaki I, Cheung R, et al.: Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by DNA amplification of tissue obtained by fine-needle aspiration. N Engl J Med 1992;326 (1): 17-21.
  • Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. Globocan 2000: cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide. 2001.
  • Gil-Carcedo E, Heras Flórez P et al. Tumores de la Rinofaringe. Manual del Residente de ORL y Patología Cérvico Facial. Sociedad Española de ORL y Patología Cérvico-Facial. Madrid 2002: 1306.
  • Itami J, Anzai Y, Nemoto K, et al.: Prognostic factors for local control in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC): analysis by multivariate proportional hazard models. Radiother Oncol  1991;21 (4): 233-9.
  • Lee AW, Foo W, Law SC, et al.: Staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: from Ho's to the new UICC system. Int J Cancer 1999;84 (2): 179-87.
  • Lin JC, Chen KY, Wang WY, et al.: Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA the peripheral-blood cells of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: relationship to distant metastasis and survival. J Clin Oncol 2001;19 (10): 2607-15.
  • Mataron C, Emmerich E, Stott C. Tumores malignos del rinofarinx. Rev Otorrinolaring 1988;48:18-21.
  • Montero X, Platzer L, Castillo M. Actualizaciones en tumores de rinofaringe. Rev Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeza Cuello 2005; 65: 221-32.
  • Neel HB 3rd, Pearson GR, Taylor WF. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in comparison groups. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1984;93 (5 Pt 1): 477-82.
  • Perez CA, Devineni VR, Marcial-Vega V, et al. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: factors affecting prognosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992;23 (2): 271-80.
  • Sivanandan R, Fee Jr W E. Bening and Malingnant Tumors of the Nasophrynx. Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Fourth edition. Ed Elsevier Mosby. Philadelphia 2005. Cap 73:1672.
  • Teo PM, Leung SF, Yu P, et al. A comparison of Ho's, International Union Against Cancer, and American Joint Committee stage classifications for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 1991;67 (2): 434-9.  
  • Trinidad A, Ramírez-Camacho R, García Berrocal JR, Herrero J, González FM. Afectación tubárica en el carcinoma de nasofaringe. Acta Otorrinolaring Esp 2000, 51: 211-214
  • Zheng XK, Chen LH, Wang QS, et al. Influence of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography on salvage treatment decision making for locally persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65 (4): 1020-5.  
 
   Capítulo 6.  Tumores hematolinfoides.
  • Arber DA, Weiss LM, Albujar PF, et al. Nasal lymphoma in Peru, high incidence of T-cell immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:392-399.   
  • Arrarte J, Barra M, Fontoura S, Peduzzi F, Junior H. Plasmocitoma extra medular de nariz, relato de un caso. An ORL Mex 2000;45(3):118-20.
  • Chan JKC, Ng CS, Lau WH, et al: Most nasal/nasopharyngeal lymphomas are peripheral T-cell neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 1987;11:418-429.    
  • Chan JKC, Ng CS, Tsang WYW, et al. Nasal/nasopharyngeal lymphomas: an immunohistochemical analysis of 57 cases on frozen tissues. Mod Pathol 1003;6:87A.
  • Cho KS, Kang DW, Kim HJ, Lee JK, Roh HJ. Differential diagnosis of primary nasopharyngeal lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma focusing on CT, MRl, and PET/CT. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;146:574-8.
  • Cobleigh MA et al.. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1986;19:685-710.    
  • Courtmans I, Pigeolet Y, Hedayat A, Vilain J. Upper airways locations of plasmocytoma. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Belgica 2000;54(4):487-90.     
  • Dailey SH, Sataloff RT. Lymphoma: An update on evolving trends in stagings and management. EarNose Throat J 2001;80:164-70.    
  • Fernandes AM, Podovani JA, Maníglia JP. Plasmocitoma extramedular de nasofaringe: Relato de um caso e revisão da literatura. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 1998;64(3):296-8.  
  • Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al: A Revised European-American Classification of lymphoid neoplasms: A proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 1994;84:1361-1392.     
  • Richter E, Feyerbend T, Richter J, et al. The radiotherapy or primary extranodal lymphoma of the nasopharynx. Strahlenther Onkol 1990;166:769-773.
  • Shima N. et al.  Extranodal LNH. Cancer 1990; 66:1190-7.   
  • Ye YL, Zhou MH, Lu XY, et al. Nasopharyngeal and nasal malignant lymphoma: A clinicopathological study of 54 cases. Istopathology 1992;20:511-516.   
 
      Capítulo 7.  Tumores óseos y secundarios.
  • Berdal P, Mhyre E. Cranial chordomas involving the paranasal sinuses. J Laryngol Otol 1964;78:906-19.   
  • Crockard HA, Steel T, Plowman N, Singh A, Crossman J, Revesz T, Holton JL, Cheeseman A. A multidisciplinary team approach to skull base chordomas. J Neurosurg. 2001; 95: 175-83.    
  • Guinto G, Abello J, Felix I, Gonzalez J, Oviedo A. Lesions confined to the sphenoid ridge. Differential diagnosis and surgical treatment. Skull Base Surg 1997; 7:11 5–121.    
  • Heffelfinger MJ, Dahlin DC, Mac Carthy CS, Beabout JS. Chordomas and cartilagineous tumours of the skull base. Cancer 1973; 32: 410-20.  
  • Ishida T, Dorfman HD. Chondroid chordoma versus low–grade chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull: Can immunohistochemistry resolve the controversy? J Neurooncol 1994; 18:199–206.   
  • Martínez Tello FJ. Differential diagnosis of chordoma. Osteologie 2001; suppl 1, 10: 26. 
  • Matsunoto J, Towlin RB, Ball WS. Cranial chordomas in infancy and childhood: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Radiol 1.
  • Magrini SM, Papi MG, Marietta F, Tomaselli S, Cellai E, Mungai V, Biti G. Chordoma natural history, treatment and prognosis. The Florence Radiotherapy Department experience (1956–90) and a critical review of the literature. Acta Oncol 1992;31:847–51.   
  • Mirra JM, Nelson SD, De la Roca C, Mertens F. Chordoma. En: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F, editores. Tumors of soft tissue and bone. Pathology and Genetics. World Health Organization. Classification of Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press; 2002. p. 316-7. 
  • O'Connell JX, Renard LG, Liebsch NJ, Efird JT, Munzenrider JE, Rosenberg AE. Base of skull chordoma. A correlative study of histologic and clinical features of 62 cases. Cancer 1994;74:2261–2267.    
  • Pena CE, Hovat BL, Fischer ER. The ultrastructure of chordoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1970; 53: 544-51.   
  • Snow RB, Patterson RR. Surgical treatment of tumors of the clivus and basioccipital region. En: Operative Neurosurgical Techniques. Schmidek HH, Sweet WH (Eds.) Grune & Stratton Inc.4a. Edición Orlando, 1988, pp 635–646. 
  • Weber AL, Liebsch NJ, Sanchez R, Sweriduk ST. Chordomas of the skull base. Radiologic and clinical evaluation. Neuroimag Clin North Am 1994;4:51 5–527.   
 
     Capítulo 8  Tratamiento
  • Al-Sarraf M, LeBlanc M, Giri PG, et al. Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: phase III randomized Intergroup study 0099. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1310-7.
  • Azli N, Armand JP, Rahal M, et al. Alternating chemo-radiotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil plus bleomycin by continuous infusion for locally advanced undifferentiated carcinoma nasopharyngeal type. Eur J Cancer 1992;28A:1792-7.  
  • Bailet JW, Mark RJ, Abemayor E, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: treatment results with primary radiation therapy. Laryngoscope 1992;102(9):965-72.]  
  • Baujat B, Audry H, Bourhis J, et al. Chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an individual patient data meta-analysis of eight randomized trials and 1753 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;64 (1):47-56.  
  • Baujat B, Audry H, Bourhis J, et al. Chemotherapy as an adjunct to radiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD004329, 2006. 
  • Constine LS. What else don't we know about the late effects of radiation in patients treated for head and neck cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;31 (2):427-9.  
  • Cooper JS, Scott C, Marcial V, et al.: The relationship of nasopharyngeal carcinomas and second independent malignancies based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group experience. Cancer 1991;67 (6):1673-7.   
  • Chang CC, Chen MK, Wen YS, Lee HS, Wu HK. Efectos de la radioterapia para cáncer de nasofaringe sobre los senos paranasales: estudio basado en la tomografía computarizada. Journal of Otology 2000;29(1):23-27.
  • Chan AT, Teo PM, Ngan RK, et al. Concurrent chemotherapy-radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: progression-free survival analysis of a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20 (8):2038-44. 
  • Chen Y, Liu MZ, Liang SB, et al. Preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial comparing concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy with radiotherapy alone in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in endemic regions of china. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;71(5):1356-64. 
  • Chua DT, Sham JS, Choy Detal. Preliminary report of the asian oceanian oncology association randomized trial comparing cisplatin + epirubicin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with locoregional advanced NPC. Cancer 1998; 83: 2270-83. 
  • Chua DT, Ma J, Sham JS, et al. Long-term survival after cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a pooled data analysis of two phase III trials. J Clin Oncol 2005;23 (6):1118-24.  
  • Foo KF, Tan EH, Leong SS, et al.: Gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma of the undifferentiated type. Ann Oncol 2002;13(1):150-6. 
  • Geara FB, Sanguineti G, Tucker SL, et al.: Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy alone: determinants of distant metastasis and survival. Radiother Oncol 1997;43 (1):53-61.  
  • Hoppe RT, Goffinet DR, Bagshaw MA: Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Eighteen years' experience with megavoltage radiation therapy. Cancer 1976;37 (6):2605-12.  
  • Huncharek M, Kupelnick B: Combined chemoradiation versus radiation therapy alone in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: results of a meta-analysis of 1,528 patients from six randomized trials. Am J Clin Oncol 2002;25(3):219-23.  
  • Hwang JM, Fu KK, Phillips TL: Results and prognostic factors in the retreatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41 (5): 1099-111.  
  • Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Milicic B, et al.: Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily cisplatin in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2000;18 (7):1458-64. 
  • Johnson CR, Schmidt-Ullrich RK, Wazer DE: Concomitant boost technique using accelerated superfractionated radiation therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 1992;69 (11): 2749-54. 
  • Laramore GE, ed.: Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
  • Levendag PC, Schmitz PI, Jansen PP, et al.: Fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy in primary carcinoma of the nasopharynx. J Clin Oncol 1998;16 (6): 2213-20. 
  • Ma Jetal et al.. Results of a prospective randomized trial comparing neoadyuvant QT+RT with RT alone in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1350-7. 
  • Mendenhall WM, Riggs CE Jr, Cassisi NJ: Treatment of head and neck cancers. In: DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds.: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005, pp 662-732. 
  • Merlano M, Benasso M, Corvò R, et al. Five-year update of a randomized trial of alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in treatment of unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88 (9): 583-9.  
  • Mesic JB, Fletcher GH, Goepfert H. Megavoltage irradiation of epithelial tumors of the nasopharynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1981;7 (4):447-53.  
  • Neel HB et al. Application VEB serology diagnosis and staging NFC. J Laryngol Otol 1983; 91: 255-62.
  • Ondrey FG, Greig JR, Herscher L. Radiation dose to otologic structures during head and neck cancer radiation therapy. Laryngoscope 2000; 110: 217-21. 
  • Pryzant RM, Wendt CD, Delclos L, et al. Re-treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 53 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 22 (5): 941-7, 1992.  
  • Sanguineti G, Geara FB, Garden AS, et al. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated y radiotherapy alone: determinants of local and regional control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37 (5): 985-96, 1997.  
  • Teo PM, Chan AT, Lee WY, et al. Enhancement of local control in locally advanced node-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma by adjunctive chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;3 (2): 261-71.  
  • Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, et al.: Intraoperative radiotherapy in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. Am J Surg 1985;150:485-7.   
  • Wee J, Tan EH, Tai BC, et al.: Randomized trial of radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union against cancer stage III and IV nasopharyngeal cancer of the endemic variety. J Clin Oncol 2005;23 (27): 6730-8.  
  • Zhang L, Zhao C, Peng PJ, et al.: Phase III study comparing standard radiotherapy with or without weekly oxaliplatin in treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: preliminary results. J Clin Oncol 23 (33): 8461-8, 2005. 

 

     Capítulo 09  Cirugia de los tumores de la rinofaringe: vías inferiores y anteriores.

  • Allen Gw, Siegel JG.  The sublabial approach for extensive nasal  and sinus resection.  Laryngoscope 1981;91:1635-40. 
  • Álvarez Vicent JJ, Romero Castellano L, Domingo Carrasco C. Maxilotomía en bisagra o desarticulación temporal pediculada a mejilla del maxilar superior. Poch Broto J, Trasera J, García Ibáñez E, Claros P, Vellaneda RA. Ponencia Oficial del XV Congreso Nacional Cirugía de la Base del Cráneo: Cadiz 19-23 de septiembre de 1993;189-96.
  • Betts N, Fonseca R. Location of the descending palatine artery in relation to the LeFortI osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;54:826-827.
  • Bremer JW, Neel HB III, De Santo LW. Angiofibroma: Treatment trends in 150 patients during 40 years. Laryngoscope 1986;96:1321-9. 
  • Brodal A. Neurological anatomy. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981;508–32.
  • Buchwald C, Bounding P, Kirby B, Falleutin E. Modificated midfacial degloving: a practical approach to extensive bilateral benign tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Rhinology 1995;33:39-42.    
  • Casson PR,  Bonnano PC, Converse JM.  The midfacial degloving procedure.  Plastic Reconstructive surgery  1974;53:102-13.   
  • Conley J, Price JC.  Sublabial approach to the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities.  American Journal Surgery 1979;138: 615-8.   
  • Cultrara A, Turk J, Har-El G. Midfacial Degloving aproach for repair of naso-orbital-ethmoid and midfacial fractures. Plast Reconst Surg 2004;6(2):133-5.   
  • Dromer RB. The history of the Le Fort I osteotomy. J Maxillofac Surg 1986;14:119. 
  • Fisch U. The infratemporal fossa approach for nasopharyngeal tumors. Laryngoscope 1983;93:36-44.   
  • Gassner HG, Sabri AN, Olsen KD. Oropharyngeal malignancy. En: Cummings ChW.Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 4th ed. Elsevier Mosby 2005;76: 1717-57.
  • Esteban F, Jurado A, Cantillo E, et al.  Facial devloging as a versatile approach to paranasal sinus tumors.  Acta Otorrinolaringológica española 1997; 48 (6): 457-60.   
  • Haughey BH. Tongue reconstruction: concepts and practice. Laryngoscope1993; 103:1132-41.    
  • Hemández Altemir F. Desarticulación temporal pediculada a mejilla del maxilar superior(es) como vía de abordaje transfacial a las regiones fundamentalmente retromaxilares y para otras indicaciones (Vía maxilopterigoidea). Una nueva técnica. Estoma 1982;3:75.
  • Hemández Altemir F. Desarticulación temporal pediculada a mejilla del maxilar superior(es) como vía de abordaje transfacial a las regiones fundamentalmente retromaxilares y para otras indicaciones (Vía maxilopterigoidea). Una nueva técnica. Rev Iberomer Cirug Oral y Maxillofac 1983;81.
  • Hochman M.  Reconstruction of midfacial and anterior skull-base defects. Otoraryngologic clinics of north America 1995;(28)6:1269-79.   
  • Ivo P, Chandra N, Laligam N, Moises Arriaga MD. Facial translocation: A new approach to the cranial base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990;103:413-9.
  • Janecka IP, Nuss DW, Sen CN. Midfacial split for access to the cranial base. Acta Neurochirur 1991;53(suppl:199-203). 
  • Janecka IP, Sen CN, Sekhar LN, Nuss D. Facial translocation for cranial base surgery. Keio J. Med. 1991;40: 215-220.   
  • Jeon SY, Jeong JH, Kim HS, Seong K, Kim JP. Hemifacial deglonvig for medial maxillectomy: a modification of midfacial degloving aproach. Laryngoscope 2003;113(4):754-6.   
  • Kennedy D,  Zinreich J, Rosenbaum A, et al. Funtional endoscopy surgery: Theory and diagnosis.  Archives Otolaryngology 1985;11:576-82.
  • Kies MS, Ang KK, Clayman GL. Cancer of the Oropharynx. En: Myers EN, Suen JY,Markkanen-Leppanen M, Suominen E, Lehtonen H, Asko-Seljaavara S. Free flan reconstructions in the management of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Acta Otolaryngol 2001;121:425-9.
  • Myers JN, Hanna EYN. Cancer of the Head and Neck. 4th ed. Saunders 2003;14: 321-32.
  • Lyos AT, Evans GR, Perez D, Schusterman MA. Tongue reconstruction: outcomes withthe rectus abdominis flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;103:442-7. 
  • Maniglia AJ. Indications and techniques of midfacial degloving. Arch Otolaryngol Head and Neck Surg 1986;112:750-2.    
  • Maniglia AJ, Phillips DA. Midfacial degloving for the management of nasal, sinus and skull-base  neoplasms.  Otolaryngologic clinic of North America. 1995;(28) 6:1227-45.   
  • Moloney F, Worthington P. The origen of the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy: Cheever’s operation. J Oral Surgery 1981;39. 
  • Paparel Bailey. Transfacial acces to the retromaxillary area. 1987 Book of the Year. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
  • Price JC,  Holliday MJ, Kennedy DW, et al. The versatile midface degloving approach. Laryngoscope 1988;98:291-5.   
  • Rassekh ChH, Seikaly H. Oropharyngeal Cancer. En: Bailey BJ, Johnson JT. Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology. 4th ed.Lippincott W and W 2006;118:1673-1710.
  • Richtsmeier WJ, Scher RL. Transfacial–transmaxillary approach to the anterior skull base. En: Neurosurgery. Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS (Eds.) McGraw Hill Co. Inc. 2ª Edición New York, 1996, pp 1623–1628.
  • Scholtz AW, Appenroth E, Kammen-Jolly K, Scholtz LU, Thumfart WF. Update on the infratemporal fossa approaches to nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 1998;108:1717-1723.   
  • Schantz SP, Harrison LB, Hong WK.  Tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuse, nasopharynx, oral cavity and oropharynx.  In: De Vita VT,  HellmanS, Rosenberg SA, Eds.  Cancer: principles and practice of oncology.  Philadelphia.  JB Lippincott Company, 4th Ed 1993. p. 574-630.
  • Scholtz AW, Appenroth E, Kammen-Jolly, K, Scholtz, LU, Thumfart WF. Update on the Infratemporal Fossa Approaches to Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. Laryngoscope 1998;108(11, Part 1):1717-1723.   
  • Shah JP, Patel AG. Cirugía y oncología de cabeza y cuello. Elsevier; 2004.
  • Schaberg SJ, Kelly JF, Terry BC, Posner MA, Anderson EF. Blood loss and hypotensive anesthesia in oral-facial corrective surgery. J Oral Surg 1976;34:147-156. 
  • Tosun F, Ozer C, Gerek M, Yetiser S. Surgical approaches for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: comparative analysis and current trends. J Craniofac Surg. 2006 Jan;17(1):15-20.
  • Wei WI, Lam KH, Sham JST. New approach to the nasopharyns: the maxillary swing approach. Head Neck 1991;13:200-7.
  • Zhang M, Garvis W, Linder T, Fisch U. Update on the Infratemporal Fossa Approaches to Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. The Laryngoscope 1998;108 (11, Part 1): 1717-23. 

 

    Capitulo 10.  Cirugia de los tumores de la rinofaringe: vías inferiores y anteriores: vías laterales y endoscóica.

  • Bejjani GK, Sullivan B, Salas-Lopez E, Abello J, Wright DC, Jurjus A, Sekhar LN. Surgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa: the styloid diaphragm revisited. Neurosurgery 1998;43:842–852. 
  • Bernal Sprekelsen M, Algorta A, Pueyo J, Carbonell J. Endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal fibromas. HNO 1998;46:172-174.
  • Fisch U, Pillsbury H.S. Infratemporal approach to lesions in the temporal bone and base of the skull. Arch. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1979;105:99. 
  • Fish Ugo. The enfratemporal fossa approach for nasopharyngeal tumors. Laryngoscope 1983;93:36–44.
  • Fisch U, Fagan P, Valavanis A. The infratemporaI fossa approach for the lateral skull base. OtolaryngoI CIin North Am 1984;17:513-552. 
  • Mitsavich M Carrau R, Snyderman C, Weissman J, Fagan J. Intranasal endoscópica excision of a juvenile angiofibroma. A Nasus Larynx 1998;25:39-44.
  • Muñoz del Castillo F, Jurado Ramos A, Bravo Rodríguez F, Delgado Acosta F, López Villarejo P. Cirugía endoscópica del angiofibroma nasofaríngeo. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española 2004; 55:369-365. 
  • Nicolai P, Berlucchi M, Tomenzoli D, Cappiello J, Trimarchi M, Maroldi R, et al. Endoscopic surgery for juvenile angiofibroma: when and how. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:77582.
  • Pryor SG, Moore EJ, Kasperbauer JL. Endoscopic versus traditional approaches for excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(7):12017. 
  • Sarria R, et al. Endoscopic surgery of nasopharygeal angiofibroma by double embolization. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2000;51:259-62.   
  • Sekhar LN, Schramm VL, Jones NF. Subtemporal–preauricular ifratemporal fossa approach to large lateral and posterior skull base neoplasms. J Neurosurg 1987; 67:488–499. 
  • Zhang, Ming MD; Garvis, William MD; Linder, Thomas MD; Fisco U. Endoscopic and Endoscopic-Assisted Surgery for Juvenile Angiofibroma. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(3):483-487.

 

   Capítulo 11. Resultados y complicaciones.

  • Brady S, Courtemanche A, Steinbok P. Carotid artery thrombosis after elective mandibular and maxillary osteotomies. Ann Plast Surg 1981;16:212-126.   
  • Demas PN, Sotoreanos GC. Incidence of nasolacrimal injury and turbinectomy associated atrophic rhinitis with LeFort I osteotomies. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 1989;17: 116-118.   
  • Kramer FJ, Baethge C, Swennen G, Teltzrow T, Schulze A, Berten J, et al. Intra- and Perioperative Complications of the LeFort I Osteotomy: A Prospective evaluation of 1000 Patients. J Craniofac Surg 2004;15(6):971-977.   
  • Westwood RM, Tilson HB. Complications associates with maxillary osteotomies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1975;33:104-115.    
  • Neel HB III, Taylor WF. New staging system for CNF: Long-term outcome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:1293-303.    
  • Wei Wi et al. Pathologycal basis of surgery in the management of postRDT cervical metastasis in NPC. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:923-9.
  • You Z, Bell W, Finn R. Location of the nasolacrimal canal in relation to the high LeFortI osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;50:1075-1080.