• Adour KK, Bell DN, Hilsinger RL Jr. Herpes simplex virus in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell palsy). Journal of the American Medical Association 1975;233(6):527–30.
• Alacala Minagorre P, Zubiaur Cantalapiedra A et al. Síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt. Anales Españoles de Pediatria 2002;56:269-270.
• Aleksic SN, Budzilovich GN, Liberman AN. Herpes Zoster oticus and facial paralysis (Rasay Hunt syndrome): Clinico-pathologic study and review of literature. J Neurolo Sci 1973;20:149-159.
• Alesson S, et al. Outcome of tratment with vlacyclovir and prednisones in patients with Bell´s palsy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2003;112:197-201.
• Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996;9:361-381.
• Beutner KR, Fiedman DJ, Forszpaniak C et al. Valaciclovir compared with aciclovir for improved therapy for herpes zorer in immunocompetent adults. Antimicrob Agent chemether 1995;39:1546-1553.
• Bravo Domínguez O, González Compta X, Foglia Fernández M, Ramírez Ruiz R, Amilibia Cabeza E, Dicenta Sousa M. Manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas del virus varicela-zoster. Acta Otorrinolaring Esp 1999; 50: 225-227.
• Burgdorferi N, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, et al. Lyme disease: a tick borne spirochetosis .Science, 1982;216:1317-1319.
• Byl FM, Adour KK. Auditory symptoms associated with herpes zoaster or idiopatihic facial paralysis. Laryngoscope 1977; 87:372-379.
• Cohen JI, Brunei PA, Straus SE, Krause PR. Recent advances in varicella-zoster virus infection. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:922-932.
• Colin J, Prisant O, Cochener B, Lescale O, Rolland B, Hoand-Xuan T. comparason of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir and acyvlovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophtalmicus. Opthalmology 2000;107:1507-1511.
• Chiu AG, Hecht DA, Prendiville SA, Mesick C, Mikula S, Deeb ZE. Atypical presentations of cat scratch disease in the head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;125: 414–416. [PubMed]
• Crabtree JA. Herpes zoster oticus. Laryngoscope 1968;78:1853-1878.
• Croen KD; Ostrove JM, dragovic LF, et al. latent herpes simplex vitus in human trigeminal ganglia. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1427-1432.
• Devriese PP, Facial paralysis in cephalic herpes zoster. Ann Otol rhinol Laryngol 1968;77:1101-1119.
• Elliot, G.H. Zalzal and W.R. Gottlieb, Acute otitis media and facial paralysis in children, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1996;105:58–62.
• Enders G, Miller E, Cradock-Watson J, bolley I, ridelhagh M. consequences of varicella and herpes zoster in pregnancy: prespective study of 1739 cases. Lancet 1994;343:1547-1550.
• Endo A, Izumi H, Miyashita M, Okubo O, Harada K. Facial palsy associated with mumps parotitis. J Pediatr Infect Dis 2001;20:815–816.
• Fleta Zaragozano J, Royo López J, Ruiz Pastora R, Baselga Asensio C, Bueno Sánchez M. Síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt en la infancia. A propósito de una observación. An Esp Pediatr 1998; 48: 425-426. [Medline]
• Furuta Y, Otan F et al. Early diagnosis of zoster sine herpete and antiviral therapy for the tratement of facial palsy. Neurology 2000;55:708-710.
• Gershon AA. Varicella-zoster virus. En: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases, 4.ª ed. Filadelfia: Saunders, 1998; 1769-1777.
• Gilden MD, Kleinschmidt-De Masters MD, LaGuardia JJ, Mahalingam R, Cohrs RJ. Neurologic complications of the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 635-645.[Medline]
• Gnann JW, Whitley RJ. Clinical practice: herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 2002;347:340-346.
• Grose C, et al. Chickenpox and the geniculate ganglion: facial nerve palsy, ramsy Hunt síndrome and acyclovir treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis 2002;21:615-617.
• Halperin JJ, Logigian E, and Pearl L: Practice parameters for the diagnosis of patients with Nervous System Lyme Borreliosis. Neurology 1996;46: 619-627.
• Hato N, Kisaki H, Honda N, Kiyofumi G, Murakami S, Yanagihara N. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome in Children. Ann Neurol 2000;48: 254-256.[Medline]
• Kimitsuki T, et al. Ramsay-Hunt syndrome in a 4-year-old child. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1999;256 suppl. 1:S6-7.
• Kinishi M, Amatsu M, Mohri M et al. Acyclovir improves recovery rate of facial nerve palsy in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Auris Nasus Larynx 2001;28:223-226.
• Ko JY, Sheen TS, et al. Herpes zoster oticus treated with acyclovir and prednisolone: clinical manifestations and analýsis of prognostic factor. Clin otolaryngol 2000;25:139-142.
• Krupp LB,Hyman LG,Grimson R et al. Study and Treatment of post Lyme disease: a randomized double masked clinical trial. Neurology. 2003;60:1923-1930.
• Kuhweide R et al. Ramsy-Hunt síndrome: pathophysiology of cocleovestibular symptoms. J Laryngol Otol 2002;116:844-848.
• Larrosa F. paralisis facial periférica en la borreliosis de Lyme. Practica, Otoneumoalergia 1995:19:1-2.
• Larrosa F, Aguilar F, Benitez P. Manifestaciones otoneurológicas de la borreliosis de Lyme. Acta Otorrinolaring Esp 1999, 5: 644-648.
• Lubbers WJ, Schipper A, Hogeweg M, de Soldenhoff R. Paralysis of facial muscles in leprosy patients with lagophthalmos. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1994;62: 220–224. [PubMed]
• Lugh SW Paparone P,Wormser GP:comparision of Cefuroxime axetil and doxycicline in treatment of patients in early Lyme disease associated with EM.Antimicrob. Agents.Chemoter. 1995;39:661-667.
• Mair JWS, Frugsrund LB. Peripherial facial palsy and herpes zoster infection. The Journal of Larungology and Otology 1976;15:387-408.
• Moses PD, Pereira SM, John TJ, Steinhoff M. Poliovirus infection and Bell's palsy in children. Ann Trop Paediatr 1985; 5: 195–196. [PubMed]
• Murakami S, Hato N, Horiuchi J, Honda N, Gyo K, Yanagihara N. Treatment of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome with acyclovir-prednisone: Significancy of early diagnosis and treatment. Ann Neurol 1997; 41: 353-357. [Medline]
• Murakami S, Honda N, Mizobuchi M, Nakashiro Y, Hato N, Gyo K. Rapid diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus infection in acute facial palsy. Neurology 1998; 51:1202-1205.[Medline]
• Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, et al. A vaccine in prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in oldel adults. N Engl J Med 2005;352:271-284.
• Patey O, Ollivaud L, Breuil J, Lafaix C. Unusual neurologic manifestations occurring during dengue fever infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993; 48: 793–802. [PubMed]
• Peltomaa M, Pyykko I, Seppala I, Viljanen M. Lyme borreliosis and facial paralysis—a prospective analysis of risk factors and outcome. Am J Otolaryngol 2002; 23: 125–132. [PubMed]
• Redaelli de Zinis LO, Gamba P, Balzanelli C. Acute otitis media and facial nerve paralysis in adults. Otol Neurotol 2003;24:113–117.
• Schot LJ, Devriese PP, Hadderingh RJ, Portegies P, Enting RH. Facial palsy and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1994; S498–S500.
• Stafford FW, Welch AR. The use of Acyclovir in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. J Laryngol Otol 1986; 100(3): 337-40.
• Sweeney CJ, Gilden DH. Ramsay Hunt syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71: 149–154. [PubMed]
• Theil D, Arbusow V, Derfuss T, Strupp M, Pfeiffer M, Mascolo A, et al.Prevalence of HSV-1 LAT in human trigeminal, geniculate, and vestibular ganglia and its implication for cranial nerve syndromes. Brain Pathology 2001;11(4):408–13.
• Wood MJ, Johnson RW, McKendrick MW, TaylorJ, Mandal BK, Crooks J. A randomided trial of acyckivir for 7 days with and without prednisolone for treatment of acute herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 1994;330:896-900.

   Capítulo 04. Parálisis faciales otógena.

•  Altuntas A, Unal A, Aslan A, Ozcan M, Kurkcuoglu S, Nalca Y Facial nerve paralysis in chronic suppurative otitis media: Ankara Numune hospital experience. Auris Nasus Larynx 1998; 25(2): 169-72.
• Djeric D, Savic D. Otogenic facial paralysis. A histopathological study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1990; 247(3): 143-6.
• Djeric D. Neuropathy of the facial nerve in chronic otitis media without associated facial paralysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1990; 247(4): 232-6.
• Ellefsen, B., Bonding, P. Facial palsy in acute otitis media. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, 1996; 21(5): 393-5
• Eshel G, Lahat E, Azizi E. Peripheral facial nerve paralysis in children: The value of routine diagnostic work-up studies. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1988; 90(4): 339-42.
• Fukuda, T., Nahito, D., Sakada, T., Nahu, I. Bilateral facial palsy caused by bilateral masked mastoiditis. Pediatric Neurology, 1998;18(4): 351
• Gaio E, Marioni G, de Filippis C, Tregnaghi A, Caltran S, Staffieri A. Facial nerve paralysis secondary to acute otitis media in infants and children. J Paediatr Child Health 2004; 40: 483-6.
• Goldstein NA, Casselbrant ML, Bluestone CD. Intratemporal complications of acute otitis media in infants and children. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg 1998; 119(5): 444-54.
• Gras AJR, Zamora P, Muñoz U, Vázquez L. Complicaciones Intracraneales de las otitis. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2001; 52: 15-20.
• Helms D, Roberger RJ, Kovalinck M. Otomastoiditis related facial nerve palsy. J Emerg Med. 2003;25 (1): 45-9.
• Ikeda M, Nazakoto H, Omoda K, Hirai R, Kida A. Facial nerve paralysis caused by middle ear cholesteatoma and effects of surgical intervention. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126(1): 95-100
• Joseph E, Sperling N. Facial nerve paralysis in acute otitis media: cause and management revisited. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 118(5): 694-6.
• Kangsanarak J, Fooanant S, Ruckphaopunt K, Navacharoen N, Teotrakul S. Extracranial and intracranial complications of suppurative otitis media. Report of 102 cases. J Laryngol Otol 1993; 107(11): 999-1004.
• L Lin Chuang Er Bi, Yan Houke Za Zhi. The treatmet of facial nerve palsy related to cholesteatoma otitis media. Otolaryngol Neurotol. 2002:16 (4): 158-9.
• López Filho O. Otitis Media Crónica Colesteatomatosa . En: Sih T, Díaz B, Sakano E, Hayashi L, Morello G. Editores. Otorrinolaringología Pedríatica. 2 ed. Barcelona: Springer Verlag Ibérica; 1999. p. 144-99.
• Lin Chuang Er Bi, Yan Houke Za Zhi. The treatmet of facial nerve palsy related to cholesteatoma otitis media. Otolaryngol Neurotol. 2002:16 (4): 158-9.
• Prior AJ. Facial palsy caused by otitis media with effusion: the pathophysiology discussed. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 1995;157(6): 348-50.
• Savic DL, Djeric DR. Facial paralysis in chronic suppurative otitis media. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1989; 14(6): 515-7.
• White N, McCans KM. Facial paralysis secondary to acute otitis media. Pediatr Emerg Care 2000;16(5): 343-5.
• Yetiser S, Tosun F, Kazkayasi M. Facial nerve paralysis due to chronic otitis media. Otol Neurotol 2002; 23(4): 580-8.
• Zelikovich E. Oval Window canal and Ct-diagnosis of penipheral pareses of the facial nerve. Otorrinolaringology 2003;(5):32-40.

   Capítulo 05. Parálisis faciales postraumaticas.

• Advani RM, Baumann MR. Bilateral sixth nerve palsy after head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 41: 27-31.
• Fisch U. Menagement of intratemporal facial nerve injures. J Laryngol Otol 1980;94:129-134.
• Davis RE, Telischi FF. Traumatic facial nerve injuries: review of diagnosis and treatment. J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 1995; 1: 30–41. [PubMed]
• Grove, W.G.: Skull fractures envolving the ear. A c4inical study of 211 cases. Laryngoscope 1939;49: 678-707 1939.
• Nelson EL, Melton LJ 3rd, Annegers JF, Laws ER, Offord KP. Incidence of skull fractures in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurosurgery. 1984; 15:318-24.
• Nosan DK, Benecke JE Jr, Murr AH. Current perspective on temporal bone trauma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.1997 Jul; 117(1):67-71.
• Wiet RJ. Iatrogenic facial paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1982;15:773-780.

• Asma A, Marina MB, Mazita A, Fadzilah I, Mazlina S, Saim L. Iatrogenic facial nerve palsy: lessons to learn. Singapore Med J. 2009;50(12):1154-7. {PubMed}
• Catalano PJ, Bergstein MJ, Sen C, Post K. Management of the eye after iatrogenic facial paralysis. Neurosurgery. 1994;35(2):259-62.
• Dew LA, Shelton C. Iatrogenic facial nerve injury: prevalence and predisposing factors. Ear Nose Throat J. 1996;75(11):724-9. {PubMed}
• Harner SG, Leonetti JP. Iatrogenic facial paralysis prevention. Ear Nose Throat J. 1996;75(11):715, 718-9.
• Graham MD. Prevention and management of iatrogenic facial palsy. Am J Otol. 1984 Oct;5(6):513.
• Long YT, bin Sabir Husin Athar PP, Mahmud R, Saim L. Management of iatrogenic facial nerve palsy and labyrinthine fistula in mastoid surgery. Asian J Surg. 2004;27(3):176-9.
• Mancini F, Taibah AK, Falcioni M. Complications and their management in tympanomastoid surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1999 Jun;32(3):567-83.
• McManus LJ, Dawes PJ, Stringer MD.Surgical anatomy of the chorda tympani: a micro-CT study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012;34(6):513-8.
• McManus LJ, Stringer MD, Dawes PJ. Iatrogenic injury of the chorda tympani: a systematic review. J Laryngol Otol. 2012 Jan;126(1):8-14. {PubMed}
• Napoli AM, Panagos P. Delayed presentation of traumatic facial nerve (CN VII) paralysis. J Emerg Med. 2005 Nov;29(4):421-4. {PubMed}
• Pulec JL. Iatrogenic facial palsy: the cost. Ear Nose Throat J. 1996;75(11):730-6.
• Rinaldo A, Mondin V, Ferlito A. Immediate facial nerve palsy following stapedectomy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2002 Sep-Oct;64(5):355-7. {PubMed}
• Schuring AG. Iatrogenic facial nerve injury. Am J Otol. 1988 Sep;9(5):432-3.
• Weber PC. Iatrogenic complications from chronic ear surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2005;38(4):711-22.

   Capítulo 07.  Parálisis faciales de causa oncológica.

• Angeli S, Chiossone E. Surgical treatment of the facial nerve in facial paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 1997;30: 683 – 700.
• Fenton J., et al. Bilateral Facial Nerve Schwannomas. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1999:256:133-135. 
• Fich V, Ruttner, J.: Pathology of intratemporal tumors involving the facial nerve. En Fisch, D., ed. Facial nerve surgery. Birmingham; Aescolapius, 1977; 448-456.
• González Compta X et al. Parálisis facial periférica asociada a neoplasia de rinofaringe. Anales Iber.Amer  1995;5:513-520.
• Hasegawa T., et al. Two Cases of Facial Neurinoma Successfully treated with Ganna Knife Radiosurgery. No Shinkei Geka, 1999;27:171– 175.
• Hitselberger WE, Horn KL, Hankinson H, et al. The middle fossa transpetrous approach for petroclival meningiomas. Skull Base Surg 1993;3:130-135.
• Horn, K.L., Crumley, R.L., Schindler, R.A.: Facial  neurilemmomas. Laryngoscope, 1981; 91: 1326-1331.
• Infante Sánchez JC, Barrios Gonzalo R. Parálisis facial por epitelioma cutáneo ignorado, simulando parálisis de Bell. Acta Otorrinolaring Espa 1981;32:319.
• Kumon Y, et al. Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve Neurinoma. Journal Neurosurgery 1999;91:691-696.
• Kienzle, G.D., et al.: Facial nerve neurinoma presenting as middle cranial fossa mass: CT appearance. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr., 1986; 10: 391-394.
• Latack, J.T., Gabrielsen, T.O., Knake, J.E., et al.: Facial nerve neuromas: radiologic evaluation. Radiology, 1983; 149: 731-737.
• Nogues O, Gil Garces E, et al. Neurinoma de la Primera Porción del Nervio Facial. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española 1995;46:311-314.
• Pensak ML, Jackson CG, Glasscock ME. Reanimación facial mediante la anastomosis VII-XII: análisis de los resultados funcionales y psicológicos. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1986, 94, 3: 305.
• Pulec, J.L.: Facial nervo graffing. Laryngoscope, 1969;79: 1562-1583.
• Roland PS. Middle ear, cholesteatoma. Medicine Journal. 2001; 2 (7): 1-16.
• Samil M, Matthies C. Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas): the facial nerve preservation and restitution of function. Neurosurgery 1997; 40: 684–694. {PubMed}
• Yamaki T., et al. Intracranial Facial Nerve Neurinoma: Surgical Strategy of Tumor Removal and Functional Reconstruction. Surg Neurol 1998;49:538-546.

   Capítulo 08. Miscelanea: otras cusas de paralisis facial. 

• Aramideh M, Bour LJ, Koelman JH, Speelman JD, Ongerbooer de Visser BW. Abnormal eye movements in blepharospasm and involuntary levator palpebrae inhibition: clinical and pathophysiological considerations. Brain. 1994;117:1457-1474.
• Blaustein DA, Blaustein SA: Anti nuclear antibody negative systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as bilateral facial paralysis. Journal of Rheumatology 1998, 25(4):798-800.
• Defazio G, Livrea P. Primary blepharospasm: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 2004;64:237-244.
• Dudley JP, Goodman M Periarteritis nodosa and bilateral facial paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol 1969;90:139–146.
• Forget R, Tozlovanu V, Iancu A, Boghen D. Botulinum toxin improves lid opening delays in blepharospasm-associated apraxia of lid opening. Neurology 2002;58:1843-1846.
• González MP, Cerebro M, Lassaletta A, García E. Parálisis facial bilateral como forma de presentación de síndrome de Guillian-Barré. An Pediatr 2003; 58: 77-88.
• Hallett M. Blepharospasm: recent advances. Neurology 2002;59:1306-1312.
• Hahn AF. Guillian-Barré Síndrome. Lancet 1998; 352: 635-41.
• Kenney C, Jankovic J. Botulinum neurotoxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia. In: Jankovic J, Albanese A, Atassi MZ, Dolly JO, Hallett M, Mayer N. Botulinum Toxin. Therapeutic Clinical Practice and Science. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders (Elsevier); 2009:92-101.
• James DG: Differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 1997;14(2):115-120.
• Langlois M, Richer F, Chouinard S. New perspectives on dystonia. Can J Neurol 2003;30(suppl 1):S34-S44.
• Merwarth HR. Facial paralysis-proposoplegia. N.Y. State J Med 1944; 44: 1546-54
• Ropper A. Further regional variants of acute immune polyneuropathy. Arch. Neurol 1994;51: 671-5.

• Susuki K, Atsumi M, Koga M, Hirata K, Yuki N. Acute facial diplegia and hyperreflexia. A Guillian-Barré síndrome variant. Neurology 2004; 62: 825-7.

   Capítulo 09. Vías de abordaje quirúrgico del nervio facial.

• Campos ME, López Campos D, Pérez Piñero B, López Aguado D. Valoración de la electroneurografía como método de pronóstico en la evolución de la parálisis facial periférica. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2003; 54:673-677.
• Celis-Blaubach A, Higuera-Castillo JA, Corradi M. Descompresión re-irrigación dei ganglio geniculado. Rev. Otorrinolaringológica (Venezuela), 1972;7: 215-229.
• Clerc P, Batisse R. Abord des organs interpétreux par voie endocranienne (greffe du nerf facial). Ann. Oto-laryng. (Paris), 1954;71 : 20-38.
• Day JD, Chen DA, Arriaga M: Translabyrinthine approach for acoustic neuroma. Neurosurgery 2004;54:391-395.
• Fisch U, Esslen E. Total intratemporal exposure of the facial nervo. Arch. Otolaryng. 1972;95: 335-341.
• Fisch U: Infratemporal fossa approach to tumours of the temporal bone and base of the skull. J Laryngol Otol 1978; 92:949-967.
• Grove WG. Skull fractures envolving the ear. A clinical study of 211 cases. Laryngoscope, 1939;49: 678 707.
• House WF. Middle cranial fossa approach to the petrous pyramid: A report of 50 cases. Arch Otolaryngol 1963; 78:460-469.
• House W. Surgical exposure of the internal auditory canal and its contents through the middle cranial fossa. Laryngoscope, 1961;71:1363-1385.
• House, W.: Surgery of the petrous portion of the Vllth. nervo. Ann. Otol., Rhinol. and Laryngol 1963;72: 802-807.
• Martin RG, Grant JL, Peace D, et al: Microsurgical relationships of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the facial-vestibulocochlear nerve complex. Neurosurgery 1980;6:483-507.
• Pulec J L. Total descompressión of the facial nervo. Laryngoscope,1966;76: 1015-1028, 1966.
• Uziel A. Monitoring peroperatoire du nerf facial. En La paralysie faciale. Le spasme hémifacial. ISBN 2951134312. 75017 Paris, 1997:119-31.

Capitulo 10   Cirugia del nervio facial.

• Adour KK. Decompression for Bell’s palsy: why I don’t do it. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2002;259(1):40–7.
• Aoyagi M, Koike Y, Ichige A. Results of facial nerve decompression. Acta Oto-Laryngologica Supplement 1988;446:101–5.
• Auger RG, Piepgras OG, Laws ER Jr, Miller RH. Microvascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm: clinical and electrophysiologic observations. Neurology 1981;31:346–50.
• Ballance C, Duel AB. The operative treatment of facial palsy: by the introduction of nerve grafts into the fallopian canal and by other intratemporal methods. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1932;15:1–70.
• Brown JS. Bell’s palsy: A 5 year review of 174 consecutive cases: An attempted double blind study. Laryngoscope 1982;92(12):1369–73.
• Castilla-Garrido JM, Murga-Oporto L. Intraoperative electroneurophysiological monitoring of basal cranial nerve surgery. Rev Neurol 1999; 28: 573-582.
• Conley JJ. Hypoglossal facial nerve anastomoses for reinnervation of the paralyzed face. Plast Reconstr Surg 1979; 29: 43-5 1.
• Crumley RG. Recents advances in facial nerve surgery. Head & Neck Surg 1982; 4:233-236.
• DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials. 1986;7(3):177–88.
• Fisch U, Esslen E. Total intratemporal exposure of the facial nerve. Pathologic findings in Bell’s palsy. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 1972;95(4):335–41.
• Fisch U. Surgery for Bell´s Palsy. Arch Otolaryngol 1981;107: 1-11.
• Friedman RA. The surgical management of Bell’s Palsy: a review. American Journal of Otology 2000;21(2):139–44.
• Harper CM, Daube JR. Facial nerve electromyography and other cranial  nerve monitoring. J Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 15: 206-216.
• Gantz BJ. Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. Am J Otol 1985; Suppl: 58-61.
• Giancarlo HR, Mattucci KF. Facial Palsy. Facial Nerve Decompression. Archives of Otolaryngology 1970;91:30–6.
• Holland NR. Intraoperative electromyography. J Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 19: 444-453.
• Malik TH, Kelly G, Ahmed A, Saeed SR, Ramsden RT. A comparison of surgical techniques used in dynamic reanimation of the pralyzed face. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26(2):284-91. [PubMed]
• Jho HO, Jannetta PJ. Hemifacial spasm in young people treated with microvascular decompression of the facial nerve. Neurosurgery 1987;20:767–70.
• Marsh MA, Coker Nj. Surgical descompression of Idiopathic Facial Palsy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 1991. 24: 675-689.
• May M, Hawkins CD. Bell’s palsy: results of surgery; salivation test versus nerve excitability test as a basis of treatment. Laryngoscope 1972;82(7):1337–48.
• May M, Klein SR, Taylor FH. Indications for surgery for Bell´s palsy. Am J Otol 1984;5:503-512.
• May M, Klein SR, Taylor FH. Idiopathic (Bell’s) facial palsy: natural history defies steroid or surgical treatment. Laryngoscope 1985;95(4):406–9.
• McAllister K, Walker D, Donnan P, Swan I. Intervenciones quirúrgicas para el tratamiento temprano de la parálisis de Bell. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011 Issue 2. Art. No.: CD007468. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007468.
• McNeill R. Facial nerve decompression. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1974;88(5):445–55.
• Mechelse K, Goor G, Huizing EH. Van Bolhuis AH, Staal A, et al.Bell’s palsy: prognostic criteria and evaluation of surgical decompression. Lancet 1971;2(7715):57–9.
• Pardo, L. y otros. Anastomosis hipogloso-facial y espino-facial: resultados de 8 casos. ORL-dips. 1995; 4: 175.
• Rochkind S, Shafi M, Alon M, Salame K, Fliss DM. Facial nerve reconstruction using a split hypoglossal nerve with preservation of tongue function. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2008;24(7):469-74.
• Yanagihara N, Hato N, Murakami S, Honda N. Transmastoid decompression as a treatment of Bell’s palsy. Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery 2001;124(3):282–86.

  Yingling CD, Gardi JN. Intraoperative monitoring of facial and cochlear nerves during acoustic neuroma surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1992; 25: 413-448.

    Capitulo 11 Cirugia plástica de la parálisis facial.

• Anderl FI. Cross-face nerve transplant. Clin Plast Surg 1979; 6: 433-49.
• Catalano PJ, Bergstein MJ, Sen C, Post K. Management of the eye after iatrogenic facial paralysis. Neurosurgery. 1994 Aug;35(2):259-62; {PubMed}
• Ehni G, Woltman HW. Hemifacial spasm: review of one hundred and six cases. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1945;53:205–11
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